Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activities and Action Mechanisms of Extracts from Two Species of Ganoderma on Tumor Cell Lines

Abstract

The antiproliferative activities on tumoral cells, namely, human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), hepatoma (HepG2) and myeloid leukemia (HL-60), of ethanolic extracts from two species of Ganoderma, G. lucidum and G. sinense, were investigated. Though both extracts had certain antiproliferative activities, their chemical characteristics, including nucleosides, triterpenoids and sterols, were significantly different. Their effects on MDA-MB-231 cells were further studied using apoptotic detection and cell cycle analyses. As a result, both had apoptosis induction through the alternation of mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, though no triterpenoids were detected in ethanolic extract of G. sinense. Furthermore, the two extracts from G. lucidum and G. sinense could arrest cell cycle at different phases. This study showed that ethanol extracts of both G. lucidum and G. sinense have antitumoral proliferation effect through both apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest effect, and some other compounds such as sterols and/or nucleosides may contribute to their activity besides triterpenoids.

Suppression of Proliferation and Invasive Behavior of Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells by Dietary Supplement BreastDefend

“…For example, extracts from medicinal mushrooms C versicolor and G lucidum, 27,28 medicinal herbs S barbata, A membranaceus, and C longa, [29][30][31] and nutritional compounds diindolylmethane and quercetin 32,33 induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, respectively. Nevertheless, the cytotoxic activities of some isolated extracts were achieved at higher concentrations with IC 50 in the range of 72 to 514 µg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells, 27,28 whereas BD demonstrated cytostatic effect for the same cell line at markedly lower concentrations with IC 50 22 µg/mL. Therefore, the combination of different compounds in BD can increase the biological activity of particular compound at lower dose, and instead of cytotoxic effect can cause cytostatic cell cycle arrest.…”

Antiproliferative activity of extracts prepared from three species of Reishi on cultured human normal and tumor cell lines

“…Recently, in a thorough and detailed review, Paterson (12) investigated the antiproliferative effects on tumorigenic cells and the protein chemical characteristics of WS and HMC extracts from three species of Reishi (R, 2R and A2R). The effects of G. lucidum extracts on tumorigenesis and metastasis in a cultured human tumor cell line have also been examined (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In the present study, WS and HMC fractions prepared from three species of Reishi (each sample 5 g dry weight) were examined ( Table I).…”

Mycosphere Essays 20: Therapeutic potential of Ganoderma species: Insights into its use as traditional medicine

“…Studies of Liu et al (2009) concluded ethanol extracts of G. sinense responsible for activities on human breast cancer, hepatoma and myeloid leukemia, anti-proliferation effect through apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest effect. Ganoderma sinense have anti-tumoral proliferation effect through both apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest effect, and some other compounds such as sterols and/or nucleosides may contribute to their activity besides triterpenoids.…”