Evaluation of Antioxidant, Lipid, and Protein Fractions of Accessions of <i>Oryza</i> Species

Bergman, Christine J.; Goffman, Fernando D.; Chen, M.-H.

doi:10.1094/cchem-04-10-0057

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The fatty acid composition and total lipid content in both the embryo and bran were determined simultaneously using GC‐FID following the protocol in Bergman, Goffman, and Chen () with modifications. In brief, each replicate of 100 embryos or 100 mg bran was homogenized, using a polytron homogenizer, in 0.5 M sodium methoxide in methanol containing an internal standard of tricaprylin (glyceryl trioctanoate, C8:0/C8:0/C8:0, Cat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rice mutant with a giant embryo has increased levels of lipophilic antioxidants, E vitamers, and γ‐oryzanol fraction

et al. 2019

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Background and objective Lipophilic compounds in rice bran have health beneficial and functional properties. These lipophilic antioxidants in a giant embryo mutant (GEDrew) derived from a tropical japonica variety Drew were determined to evaluate its potential as a specialty variety. Findings GEDrew had double the size of embryo and lower kernel weight than Drew. The majority of the tocols in the embryo were in the form of tocopherols with α‐tocopherol accounting for approximately 70%, while the tocopherols in bran ranged from 22% to 43% of total tocols. On a per embryo basis, GEDrew had a higher quantity of tocols compared with Drew; however, on a weight basis, the concentration of tocols in GEDrew was less than Drew. The γ‐oryzanol concentration in embryos was the same for both the mutant and wild type. The smaller brown rice kernel size and bigger embryo size of GEDrew resulted in higher proportion of bran + embryo (w/w), which led to higher total tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ‐oryzanol in the whole grain of GEDrew relative to Drew. Conclusion A rice mutant with a large embryo had an elevated level of γ‐oryzanol and tocols, both as a group and as individual homologs, in whole grains as compared to the wild type. Significance and novelty GEDrew has the potential to be grown as a specialty rice variety for the purposes of isolating its bran, oil, and lipophilic antioxidants for use by the food and cosmetic industries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rice mutant with a giant embryo has increased levels of lipophilic antioxidants, E vitamers, and γ‐oryzanol fraction

et al. 2019

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“…Multiple approaches for enhancing bioactive compounds in bran or in whole grain rice have been undertaken. One approach was to screen for genotypes with high concentrations of these compounds in bran or whole grain using diverse germplasm resources of Ozyza sativa and wild Oryza species which could then be used in breeding programs (Bergman, Goffman, & Chen, ; Chen, McClung, & Bergman, ; Pinson et al, ; Shen, Jin, Xiao, Lu, & Bao, ). An alternative approach was proposed by Shao, Zhang, and Bao () to breed for extremely small grains due to their finding that such genotypes contained higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than those of normal and large grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic diversity of bran weight of whole grain rice and its relationship with grain physical traits

Chen

McClung

2018

Cereal Chem

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Background and objectives Rice bran, the outer most layer of the whole grain, is where nutrients, minerals, and bioactive compounds, except starch, are primarily deposited. Rice bran accounts for a small portion of the whole grain weight. Increasing the weight proportion of bran will enhance the health beneficial value of whole grain rice. Findings We determined the physical and bran traits of 135 rice genotypes grown in two years. More than a 2.3‐ and 2.5‐fold variation was found for bran weight per gram of whole grain and bran weight per surface area of the whole grain (BWS, representing bran thickness), respectively. Principle component analysis of the seven physical traits and two bran traits grouped the bran traits into PC3 and accounted for an average of 15.5% of the total variance, whereas kernel weight, width, thickness, and grain surface area were in PC1, and kernel length and length/width ratio were in PC2. Mean comparison among bran color classes showed that purple bran genotypes had the highest BWS, followed by red, white, light brown, and brown. BWS moderately correlated with kernel weight, width, and thickness. Conclusions This report demonstrates high bran weight genotypes can be selected to improve the nutritional value of whole grain rice. Significance and novelty Expressing bran weight based on grain surface area removed the confounding factor of differences in grain size and allowed identification of genotypes having high bran weight consistently across two years, suggesting this trait is genetically regulated and can be used in traditional breeding to improve bran weight proportion of whole grain rice leading to higher nutritional value of the rice.

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“…The rice seed is a natural storage organ for different macromolecules such as starch, proteins, and lipids, non-starch polysaccharides and volatiles (Juliano et al, 1965). Polished rice is largely composed of starch (90%) but is also known to have ample amounts of proteins and lipids (Mitchell, 2009, Bergman et al, 2011. Starch in rice has been extensively studied in different ways and there are available markers that allow early screening of grain quality traits that are useful for breeding programs (Buléon et al, 1998, Cuevas and Fitzgerald, 2012, Luo et al, 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the genetics and chemistry of important quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Concepcion¹

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Rice grain quality is a determinant of rice breeding success. Although several studies have independently looked at the different traits of quality to infer the phenotype of the grain, few studies have identified the various metabolites that are produced in high quality rice. In recent years, genetic markers have proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency of breeding line selection and therefore shortening the breeding cycle. In complex traits such as rice grain quality, the availability of more specific phenotypes will increase the value of these genetic markers. Many traits of quality in rice are associated with starch; however, lipids interact with starch and have been shown to influence many of the traits of eating quality and aroma. To identify these new phenotypes and understand their genetic basis, using relevant tools that can discriminate between the phenotypes of varieties at the metabolite and genetic levels is necessary. To identify these new phenotypes, in Chapter 3, a set of 40 Cambodian rice varieties were screened for physical and texture-associated traits including apparent amylose content (AAC), gelatinisation temperature (GT), gel consistency (GelCon) and pasting properties and then a subset from this set was screened for volatile compounds using a two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flightmass spectrometer (GC×GC-TOF-MS) and fatty acids (FA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The FA analysis showed that unsaturated FA (UFA) oleic (C18:1n-9) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) were the most abundant in milled rice grains, followed by palmitic acid (C16:0). These results infer about the lipid origin of odour-active volatile compounds, which were found to be characterising the group of known fragrant, low amylose and soft-textured rice varieties, including the Jasmine-style indica variety Phka Rumduol (PRD). To identify the genetic determinants of these important traits of quality, in Chapters 4 and 5, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out for the texture and aroma traits in PRD using a population of about 300 F6 recombinant-inbred lines (RIL) derived from an intraspecific cross between PRD and Thmar Krem (TMK), both of which were identified as the most discriminating varieties in Chapter 3. This RIL population was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). QTL analysis revealed large-effect QTLs for AAC, GT and all of the pasting properties. Candidate genes for these QTLs relate back to the starch biosynthesis pathways. Major QTLs were colocalised to the Waxy (Wx) gene and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) on chromosome 6. Minor QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 8 were identified for AAC, SB, PV and HPC, and at chromosomes 4 and 7 for GT and pasting temperature (PTemp). This chapter has shown that the rice texture is regulated by multiple genes and that although correlations do exist among the routinely measured textural traits, these correlations may not necessarily translate into the already existing molecular markers. Publications included in this thesis...

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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Lipid, and Protein Fractions of Accessions of Oryza Species

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

A rice mutant with a giant embryo has increased levels of lipophilic antioxidants, E vitamers, and γ‐oryzanol fraction

A rice mutant with a giant embryo has increased levels of lipophilic antioxidants, E vitamers, and γ‐oryzanol fraction

Genotypic diversity of bran weight of whole grain rice and its relationship with grain physical traits

Understanding the genetics and chemistry of important quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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