Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and wound healing activities of Vitex pinnata

Abstract

Background: Vitex pinnata is a popular ethnomedicinal plant but scientific studies to validate its pharmacological properties are lacking for this plant. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the methanolic extract of the leaves and the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: The leaves of Vitex pinnata underwent methanol extraction and the methanol extract was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the wound healing studies, the methanolic extracts of V. pinnata were used to prepare ointments with compositions of 10% (w/w) and 50% (w/w), which were evaluated for wound healing activity in an excision wound model in Wistar rats. Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant activities, with the ethyl acetate extract having the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by the methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts. Similarly, their quercetin equivalent concentrations were 33.1, 31, 20.3 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. Except for the methanol extract, the disc diffusion assay showed that the extracts demonstrated species-specific antibacterial activities, with the ethyl acetate extract showing antibacterial activities against all four tested strains. The wound healing activity of the high dose treated group (50% [w/w]) shows significant increase of wound contraction when compared to the control group. Conclusion: In the current study, the ethyl acetate extract showed activity for all tested bacteria and also had the highest DPPH activity. The methanolic extracts of V. pinnata leaves show modest wound healing activity in an excision wound model.

Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Vitex pinnata L. Leaf Extract

“…This study was aimed at determining whether the leaf extract of V. pinnata could be a good source of antioxidants or not. Results showed that the leaf extract of V. pinnata contained antioxidants, which was supported by other studies (Shafie et al 2020).…”

Antioxidant Activity-Guided Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Leaves of Vitex pinnata (Lamiaceae)

“…It indicated that V. pinnata Linn leaves have a wide range of semi-polar compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds of flavonoids [37][38]. High contents of phenolic content in the ethyl acetate fractions were also reported by Shafie et al [39] working with Vitex pinnata leaves (33.1 ± 0.1 mg QE/g), de Brum et al [40] working with Vitex megapotamica leaves (522.4 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g), Gothai et al [41] with Moringa oleifera leaves (65.81 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g ), Lasboi et al [42] with Muntingia calabura L leaves (74.90 mg GAE/g), Okselni et al [43] with Elaeocarpus mastersii Kings roots, leaves, and stem bark (362.88 ± 1.89 mg GAE/g, 380.99 ± 2.14 mg GAE/g, and 341.89 ± 3.97 mg GAE/g ), and studies Tinco-Jayo et al [44] with Jatropha macrantha Müll Arg. L leaves and stems (359 ± 5.21 mg GAE/g and 306 ± 1.93 mg GAE/g).…”

Species Diversity and The Importance of Charismatic Medicinal Plants in Ayer Hitam Utara Forest Reserve, Johor

“…This study was conducted in Ayer Hitam Utara Forest Reserve, Johor. This forest reserve was categorized as Protected Area and also one of the largest and last remaining peat swamp forests in Johor [8]. It is a 3,965.84 hectares (ha) forest reserve in Muar district of Johor [8].…”

“…Allomorphia alata, Syzygium papillosum, Vitrex pinnata are traditionally used stomachache using traditional knowledge [11] [8] [21]. Ochanostachys amentacea, Syzygium papillosum, Vitrex pinnata are other examples in treating stomachache by using the traditional knowledge [8] [21]. In most of treatment it usually leaves with the decoction method to treat certain diseases.…”