Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of enterococci from equipment surfaces, raw materials, and traditional cheeses

Gaglio, Raimondo; Couto, Natacha; Marques, Cátia; Lopes, Maria de Fátima; Moschetti, Giancarlo; Pomba, Constança; Settanni, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.020

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In various studies, similar frequencies of the efa have been reported [489]. In a study conducted by Gaglio et al, the efa gene was detected among 25% of the strains isolated from dairy products [19]. It appears that the efa gene is always present in clinical E. faecalis strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Our results indicated that E. faecalis isolates carried more virulence genes in comparison to various reports [49181925262728]. These differences probably reflect variability in the types of samples or geographic regions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…It appears that the efa gene is always present in clinical E. faecalis strains. In the current study, the prevalence of asa1 was more than that observed in previous studies [48192021]. AS encoded by asa1 causes clumping of E. faecalis strains and mediates efficient DNA exchange between donor and recipient bacteria [522].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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High Incidence of Virulence Factors Among ClinicalEnterococcus faecalisIsolates in Southwestern Iran

et al. 2017

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BackgroundOver the past two decades, enterococci have emerged as an important agent responsible for hospital acquired infection. Several virulence factors contribute to the adherence, colonization, evasion of the host immune response, and pathogenicity and severity of the infection. Enterococcus faecalis is the most common and virulent species causing infections in hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. faecalis strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Shiraz, south west of Iran.Materials and MethodsA total of 51 E. faecalis isolates from the urine, blood, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, eye discharge, endotracheal tube (ETT) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) specimens of patients were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests and detection of virulence factors were performed using standard methods.ResultsThe efa and asa1 were the most frequently detected gene (100%) among the isolates, followed by esp (94.1%), ace (90.2%), gelE (80.4%), cylA (64.7%), and hyl (51%). More than half of the isolates (52.9%) were high level gentamicin resistant (HLGR). Vancomycin resistance was observed among 23 (45.1%) isolates. The lowest antimicrobial activity was related to erythromycin (3.9%), tetracycline (5.9%) and ciprofloxacin (9.8%). No isolate was found resistant to fosfomycin and linezolid.ConclusionOur data indicated a high incidence of virulence factors among E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical samples. Colonization of drug resistant virulent isolates in hospital environment may lead to life threatening infection in hospitalized patients. Therefore, infection control procedures should be performed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

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High Incidence of Virulence Factors Among ClinicalEnterococcus faecalisIsolates in Southwestern Iran

et al. 2017

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“…All the 58 collected E. faecalis isolates were cylA -negative and hyl -negative, which is not consistent with previous studies (Creti et al, 2004; Medeiros et al, 2014). All the 58 collected E. faecalis isolates were sensitive to 12 kinds of antibiotic, which is different from previous investigation about drink water (Macedo et al, 2011), food (Gaglio et al, 2016) and clinical samples (Dahlén et al, 2012; Gilmore et al, 2013). The difference of the results may be due to different sources of the samples.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Mineral Water and Spring Water in China

Lei

Zhang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Enterococcus faecalis is an important opportunistic pathogen which is frequently detected in mineral water and spring water for human consumption and causes human urinary tract infections, endocarditis and neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of E. faecalis from mineral water and spring water in China. Of 314 water samples collected from January 2013 to January 2014, 48 samples (15.3%) were contaminated E. faecalis. The highest contamination rate occurred in activated carbon filtered water of spring water (34.5%), followed by source water of spring water (32.3%) and source water of mineral water (6.4%). The virulence gene test of 58 E. faecalis isolates showed that the detection rates of asa1, ace, cylA, gelE and hyl were 79.3, 39.7, 0, 100, 0%, respectively. All 58 E. faecalis isolates were not resistant to 12 kinds of antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR classified 58 isolates and three reference strains into nine clusters with a similarity of 75%. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of E. faecalis in mineral water and spring water in China. The results of this study suggested that spring water could be potential vehicles for transmission of E. faecalis.

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“…They are among the first LAB to colonize the neonatal GIT (Fanaro et al, 2003) and could be involved in the development of the human microbiome (Dominguez-Bello et al, 2010). Enterococci are also widely distributed in foods and the environment, playing important roles in shelf-life improvement and the development of both flavor and texture when present in fermentation foods such as certain cheeses and fermented sausages (Rea et al, 2004; Gaglio et al, 2016; Santos et al, 2017). Furthermore, some Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Safety of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930 Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Oral Toxicity Study

Zhan

Evivie

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930 has previously been shown to have probiotic potential. However, being a potential clinical pathogen, it becomes necessary to evaluate its safety status for novel potential probiotic use. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the safety of E. durans KLDS6.0930 based on its genomics, phenotypic characteristics and oral toxicity. The complete genome of E. durans KLDS6.0930 was sequenced and analyzed for safety-related genes. Antibiotic susceptibility and the production of harmful metabolites were tested. A 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity test was implemented in rats. In vitro, E. durans KLDS6.0930 was resistant to five antibiotics, with intrinsic resistances to four antibiotics and no identified genes for the last. E. durans KLDS6.0930 was not hemolytic and virulence factors were non-functional in its genome. E. durans KLDS6.0930 produced a small amount of tyramine and phenethylamine; genes encoding tyramine decarboxylase were identified. In addition, genotype and phenotype analyses showed that the strain did not have the ability to generate D-lactic acid, indole, or nitroreductase. In vivo, E. durans KLDS6.0930 did not induce adverse effects on the organs, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, or cecal bacterial populations in the oral toxicity test. These results indicate that E. durans KLDS6.0930 can be safely used as a potential probiotic for human consumption and animal feed.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of enterococci from equipment surfaces, raw materials, and traditional cheeses

Cited by 74 publications

References 60 publications

High Incidence of Virulence Factors Among ClinicalEnterococcus faecalisIsolates in Southwestern Iran

High Incidence of Virulence Factors Among ClinicalEnterococcus faecalisIsolates in Southwestern Iran

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Mineral Water and Spring Water in China

Evaluating the Safety of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930 Using Whole Genome Sequencing and Oral Toxicity Study

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