Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic and Hypoglycemic Activities of Shadguna Makaradhwaja and Guduchi Ghana in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders which share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia that occurs due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or sometimes both. Herbomineral formulations can be the alternative for contemporary synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents due to their potency, suitability, and negligible side effects. Makaradhwaja is one of those potent antidiabetic drugs used in Ayurved. Objectives: To evaluate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Shadguna Makaradhwaja (SM) formulations prepared by Swarna Varkha (SMV) and from residue Apakwa Talastha Swarna powder (SMR) with Guduchi Ghana (GG) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and methods: Oral glucose tolerance test and 18 hours fasted mice model were used. Shadguna Makaradhwaja with GG (5.85:94.15 ratios) was administered with honey at a dose of 65 mg/kg. Glibenclamide (GB; 0.65 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. Results: In hypoglycemic study, SMV showed 18.2, 27.83, 34.88, and 47.41%, while SMR showed 4.85, 20.52, 29.70, and 44.3% reduction in blood sugar level (BSL) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 hours, respectively. In antihyperglycemic study, SMV showed 81.73, 49.23, 14.8, and 0% and SMR showed 56.38, 42.23, 1.16, and 21.58% reduction in BSL at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. Both results were statistically significant when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Test drugs showed significant hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects as compared to the control group. SMV showed more hypoglycemic effect, while SMR showed better antihyperglycemic effect.