Evaluation of Antifouling Potential and Ecotoxicity of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Red Algae of the Genus Laurencia

Protopapa, Maria; Kotsiri, Manto; Mouratidis, Sofoklis; Roussis, Vassilios; Iοannou, Efstathia; Dedos, Skarlatos G.

doi:10.3390/md17110646

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Laurinterol (2) has been a widely studied compound. It has exhibited insecticidal, repellent [21], antifouling [22], antibacterial [23], antimycobacterial [24], cytotoxic [25,26], antitumoral [27], and anti-amoebic properties [11,14]. It has been suggested to trigger PCD-like events by inhibition of the Na + /K + -ATPase sodium-potassium ion pump [14,15,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurequinone, a Lead Compound against Leishmania

et al. 2023

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Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the leading causes, not only of deaths but also of disability-adjusted life years. This disease, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, triggers different clinical manifestations, with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. As existing treatments for this parasitosis are not sufficiently effective or safe for the patient, in this work, different sesquiterpenes isolated from the red alga Laurencia johnstonii have been studied for this purpose. The different compounds were tested in vitro against the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Different assays were also performed, including the measurement of mitochondrial potential, determination of ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation, among others, focused on the detection of the cell death process known in this type of organism as apoptosis-like. Five compounds were identified that displayed leishmanicidal activity: laurequinone, laurinterol, debromolaurinterol, isolaurinterol, and aplysin, showing IC50 values against promastigotes of 1.87, 34.45, 12.48, 10.09, and 54.13 µM, respectively. Laurequinone was the most potent compound tested and was shown to be more effective than the reference drug miltefosine against promastigotes. Different death mechanism studies carried out showed that laurequinone appears to induce programmed cell death or apoptosis in the parasite studied. The obtained results underline the potential of this sesquiterpene as a novel anti-kinetoplastid therapeutic agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurequinone, a Lead Compound against Leishmania

et al. 2023

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“…Marine algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites which provide human health benefits. The secondary metabolites present in marine algae include polyphenols, sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, peptides, amino acids, and fatty acids that are responsible for a wide range of biological activities (Protopapa et al, 2019). Polyphenols are watersoluble secondary metabolites produced by living organisms that are composed of a phenolic group within its molecular structure (Kim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Secondary Metabolites Of Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Algal Research and its Potential for Industrial Applications: A Review

Kumarasinghe,

Gunathilaka,

Jayasooriya

et al. 2023

Sri Lankan J. Biol.

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Marine biotechnology is a broad field with a profound and global sociological footprint. Within that sociological macrocosm, marine algae act as an emerging field of research that is exemplified by the superabundance of natural sources to harvest bioactive compounds. Algae synthesize a comprehensive array of bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, polyphenols, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, essential fatty acids, enzymes, vitamins, and carotenoids. Many of these bioactive compounds are composed of significant biological properties such as antioxidant, ultra-violet protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkling, skin-whitening, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, and anti-cancer activities. With the discovery of novel bioactive compounds from marine algae, it as a collective performs the role of a conveyer belt of ingredients for industrial applications, namely the pharmaceutical industry, cosmeceutical industry, nutraceutical industry, energy industry, and functional food industry, etc. New generations have now focused their attention towards natural, safe, and highly available bioproducts as it downplays the risks linked to consumption while providing benefits. Considering the rising demand for natural bioproducts globally, marine algae turn into biological factories with vast economic potential. Therefore, this mini-review mainly focuses on the impact of algal research and its potential for industrial applications.

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“…In the framework of our research investigations, we have previously identified bromosphaerol (1), a brominated diterpene isolated from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, as a promising agent with significant antifouling activity [36,37]. In these studies, bioassays conducted using larvae of the cirriped crustacean Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite showed that bromosphaerol (1) exerted significant anti-settlement activity with an EC 50 value of 0.23 mg/L, combined with extremely low toxicity (LC 50 > 100 mg/L), resulting in an impressive therapeutic ratio (TR C = LC 50 /EC 50 ) of 434.78.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Evaluation of Analogs of Bromosphaerol, a Brominated Diterpene Isolated from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

et al. 2021

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Marine biofouling is an epibiotic biological process that affects almost any kind of submerged surface, causing globally significant economic problems mainly for the shipping industry and aquaculture companies, and its prevention so far has been associated with adverse environmental effects for non-target organisms. Previously, we have identified bromosphaerol (1), a brominated diterpene isolated from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, as a promising agent with significant antifouling activity, exerting strong anti-settlement activity against larvae of Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite and very low toxicity. The significant antifouling activity and low toxicity of bromosphaerol (1) motivated us to explore its chemistry, aiming to optimize its antifouling potential through the preparation of a number of analogs. Following different synthetic routes, we successfully synthesized 15 structural analogs (2–16) of bromosphaerol (1), decorated with different functional groups. The anti-settlement activity (EC50) and the degree of toxicity (LC50) of the bromosphaerol derivatives were evaluated using cyprids and nauplii of the cirriped crustacean A. amphitrite as a model organism. Derivatives 2, 4, and 6–16 showed diverse levels of antifouling activity. Among them, compounds 9 and 13 can be considered as well-performing antifoulants, exerting their activity through a non-toxic mechanism.

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Evaluation of Antifouling Potential and Ecotoxicity of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Red Algae of the Genus Laurencia

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Laurequinone, a Lead Compound against Leishmania

Laurequinone, a Lead Compound against Leishmania

Impact of Algal Research and its Potential for Industrial Applications: A Review

Synthesis and Antifouling Activity Evaluation of Analogs of Bromosphaerol, a Brominated Diterpene Isolated from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

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