Evaluation of antibody response of killed and live vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a field study

Paudel, Sarita; Park, Jung Eun; Jang, Han Byul; Hyun, Bang-Hun; Yang, De-Quan; Shin, Hyun‐Jin

doi:10.1080/01652176.2014.973999

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In regards to whether a killed or live injectable intramuscular PEDV vaccine generates sufficient immunity to PEDV in the sow, Paudel et al (2014) analyzed sows given one of four vaccine treatments: an unvaccinated negative control group, a killed virus vaccinated group with a killed virus booster (K/K), a live virus vaccinated group with a live virus booster (L/L) and a combination group given the live virus and a killed virus booster (L/K). All vaccinations including using live virus were given intramuscularly twice, at four and two weeks prior to farrowing.…”

Section: Vaccine Strategies To Prevent Epizootic Tgev and Pedvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, while this study may provide information regarding vaccine immunogenicity, it does not reflect immune responses after live oral PEDV exposure. Additionally, PEDV challenge of piglets is necessary to determine if the K/K vaccine treatment also provides sufficient lactogenic immunity and piglet protection from disease (Paudel et al, 2014).…”

Section: Vaccine Strategies To Prevent Epizootic Tgev and Pedvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts

et al. 2016

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Morbidity, mortality, and loss of productivity from enteric diseases in neonatal piglets cost swine producers millions of dollars annually. In 2013-2014, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak led to $900 million to $1.8 billion in annual losses to US swine producers. Passive lactogenic immunity remains the most promising and effective way to protect neonatal suckling piglets from enteric diseases like PEDV. Protecting suckling piglets through lactogenic immunity is dependent on trafficking of pathogen-specific IgA plasmablasts to the mammary gland and accumulation of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in milk, defined as the gut-mammary-sIgA axis. Due to an impermeable placenta, piglets are born agammaglobulinic, and are highly susceptible to a plethora of infectious agents. They rely solely on colostrum and milk antibodies for maternal lactogenic immunity. Previous advances in the development of live and attenuated vaccines for another devastating diarrheal virus of pigs, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), provide insights into the mechanisms of maternal immunity and piglet protection. In this chapter, we will review previous research on TGEV-induced lactogenic immunity to provide a historical perspective on current efforts for PEDV control and vaccines in the swine industry. Identifying factors that influence lactogenic immunity and the gut-mammary-sIgA axis may lead to improved vaccine regimens for PEDV and other enteric pathogens in gestating swine and improved overall herd immunity, swine health and industry productivity.

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Section: Vaccine Strategies To Prevent Epizootic Tgev and Pedvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccine Strategies To Prevent Epizootic Tgev and Pedvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts

et al. 2016

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“…Given that PEDV infects its hosts primarily by directly invad-ing enterocytes lining the intestinal villi and the virus does not require systemic spread, it is likely that mucosal immunity, particularly secretory IgA, is responsible for virus neutralization and disease protection as opposed to the IgG predominantly found in sera of sows vaccinated via the parenteral route. Although PEDVspecific IgG may be present in high amounts in colostrum at parturition in sows intramuscularly vaccinated by PEDV live vaccines (Paudel et al, 2014), protection duration tends to be very short due to rapid decline of colostrum production in post-parturient sows (Klobasa et al, 1987).…”

Section: Challenges In Pedv Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown recently that sows orally fed with intestinal homogenates obtained from clinically affected piglets exhibit significantly higher levels of milk anti-PEDV neutralizing antibodies compared to those intramuscularly immunized by the iPED+ vaccine (Scherba et al, 2016). Likewise, Paudel et al showed that oral administration of live attenuated PEDV strain DR-13 to pregnant sows reduces the mortality rate of nursing piglets (Paudel et al, 2014). A different study demonstrated that sows previously exposed to a mild strain of PEDV can passively transfer sufficient lactogenic immunity to piglets for protection against virulent PEDV exposure (Goede et al, 2015).…”

Section: Challenges In Pedv Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the biology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the era of reverse genetics

et al. 2016

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Emergence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a global threat to the swine industry underlies the urgent need for deeper understanding of this virus. To date, we have yet to identify functions for all the major gene products, much less grasp their implications for the viral life cycle and pathogenic mechanisms. A major reason is the lack of genetic tools for studying PEDV. In this review, we discuss the reverse genetics approaches that have been successfully used to engineer infectious clones of PEDV as well as other potential and complementary methods that have yet to be applied to PEDV. The importance of proper cell culture for successful PEDV propagation and maintenance of disease phenotype are addressed in our survey of permissive cell lines. We also highlight areas of particular relevance to PEDV pathogenesis and disease that have benefited from reverse genetics studies and pressing questions that await resolution by such studies. In particular, we examine the spike protein as a determinant of viral tropism, entry and virulence, ORF3 and its association with cell culture adaptation, and the nucleocapsid protein and its potential role in modulating PEDV pathogenicity. Finally, we conclude with an exploration of how reverse genetics can help mitigate the global impact of PEDV by addressing the challenges of vaccine development.

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“…The emergence of virulent PEDV strains in China during 2010, even in previously vaccinated farms, and in 2013 in the USA points to the necessity for more effective vaccines. Subunit or killed vaccines are only partially effective inducing mucosal immunity, although they could be suitable for boosting immunity in sows prior to farrowing (Oh et al, 2014; Paudel et al, 2014). Live vaccines are more effective inducing long-lasting immunity, although current live attenuated vaccines did not prevent virus shedding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors in porcine coronaviruses and vaccine design

et al. 2016

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Porcine enteric coronaviruses (CoVs) cause severe disease in the porcine herds worldwide, leading to important economic losses. Despite the knowledge of these viruses since the 1970’s, vaccination strategies have not been implemented, leading to continuous re-emergence of novel virulent strains. Live attenuated vaccines historically have been the most efficient. We consider that the new trend is the development of recombinant vaccines by using reverse genetics systems to engineer attenuated viruses, which could be used as effective and safe modified live vaccine candidates. To this end, host cell signaling pathways influencing porcine CoV virulence should be identified. Similarly, the identity of viral proteins involved in the modulation of host cell pathways influencing CoV pathogenesis should be analyzed. With this information, and using reverse genetics systems, it is possible to design viruses with modifications in the viral proteins acting as virulence factors, which may lead to attenuated viruses and, therefore, vaccine candidates. In addition, novel antiviral drugs may be developed once the host cell pathways and the molecular mechanism affecting porcine CoV replication and virulence are known. This review is focused in the host cell responses to enteric porcine CoV infection and the viral proteins involved in pathogenesis.

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Evaluation of antibody response of killed and live vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a field study

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts

Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts

Deciphering the biology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the era of reverse genetics

Virulence factors in porcine coronaviruses and vaccine design

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