Evaluation of antibody kinetics and durability in healthy individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac): A cross-sectional and cohort study in Zhejiang, China

Zhang, Hangjie; Hua, Qianhui; Xu, Nani; Zhang, Xinpei; Chen, Bin; Xi-jun, MA; Hu, Jie; Chen, Zhongbing; Yu, Pengfei; Lei, Huijun; Wang, Shenyu; Ding, Linling; Fu, Jian; Liao, Yuting; Yang, Juan; Jiang, Jianmin; Lv, Huakun

doi:10.7554/elife.84056

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The findings of our study agreed with the results from numerous studies worldwide reporting that anti-RBD IgG had reached maximum levels 3-4 weeks after immunization [23,24,28,39,40]. Moreover, consistent with a previous report [23], the recipients of the RNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna) had higher peak antibody titers than the viral-vector and alum-adjuvanted inactivated-vaccine recipients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Longitudinal Study in Tunisia to Assess the Anti-RBD IgG and IgA Responses Induced by Three Different COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

Ben Hamouda,

Hanachi,

Ben Hamouda

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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Background: Vaccination constitutes the best strategy against COVID-19. In Tunisia, seven vaccines standing for the three main platforms, namely RNA, viral vector, and inactivated vaccines, have been used to vaccinate the population at a large scale. This study aimed to assess, in our setting, the kinetics of vaccine-induced anti-RBD IgG and IgA antibody responses. Methods: Using in-house developed and validated ELISA assays, we measured anti-RBD IgG and IgA serum antibodies in 186 vaccinated workers at the Institut Pasteur de Tunis over 12 months. Results: We showed that RNA vaccines were the most immunogenic vaccines, as compared to alum-adjuvanted inactivated and viral-vector vaccines, either in SARS-CoV-2-naïve or in SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals. In addition to the IgG antibodies, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific IgAs. Vaccinated individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited more robust IgG and IgA antibody responses, as compared to SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals. Conclusions: After following up for 12 months post-immunization, we concluded that the hierarchy between the platforms for anti-RBD antibody-titer dynamics was RNA vaccines, followed by viral-vector and alum-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Longitudinal Study in Tunisia to Assess the Anti-RBD IgG and IgA Responses Induced by Three Different COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

Ben Hamouda,

Hanachi,

Ben Hamouda

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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“…Finally, the study was an immunogenicity evaluation that does not translate to a difference in protection against hospitalizations or severe disease. There has been no direct correlation found between immunization and protection or duration of protection 34 . Additionally, we did not evaluate the actual levels of protection from infection by current and emerging variants conveyed by the vaccines, and these need to be monitored with real-world observational studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The lower limit of detection was 1:10, and values below this limit were imputed and defined as 1:10. The positive cutoff values for RBD-specific IgG antibodies were defined as titers of 1:90 34 . The titer was converted to relative units per milliliter (RU/ml) with reference to the WHO international standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (NIBSC code 20/136).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV immunization after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults

Zhang

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Data on the safety and immunity of a heterologous booster (fourth dose) after three-doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults are limited. We evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled phase 4 clinical trial in Zhejiang, China (NCT05373030). Participants aged 18–80 years (100 per group), administered three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ≥6 months earlier, are enrolled and randomized 1:1 into two groups, which are administered intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac or Covilo). All observed adverse reactions are predictable and manageable. Ad5-nCoV elicits significantly higher RBD-specific IgG levels, with a geometric mean concentration of 2924.0 on day 14 post-booster, 7.8-fold that of the inactivated vaccine. Pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies to Omicron BA.4/5 show a similar pattern, with geometric mean titers of 228.9 in Ad5-nCoV group and 65.5 in inactivated vaccine group. Ad5-nCoV booster maintains high antibody levels on day 90, with seroconversion of 71.4%, while that of inactivated vaccine is 5.2%, almost pre-booster levels. A fourth Ad5-nCoV vaccination following three-doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is immunogenic, tolerable, and more efficient than inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Ad5-nCoV elicits a stronger humoral response against Omicron BA.4/5 and maintains antibody levels for longer than homologous boosting.

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“…Although most people have received a COVID-19 booster vaccination, the ability of vaccines to protect against infection of Omicron is still controversial due to its great number of mutations in the spike protein, which led to antigen escape ( 7 ). Besides, studies have shown that the neutralization titer induced by previous vaccination would drop significantly after 6 months of vaccination ( 8 ) and could not be detected after 1 year ( 9 ). In such cases, the immunity built up after natural infection may be a key aspect to fight against reinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis

Hu,

Cai,

Yan

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe protective effectiveness provided by naturally acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remain controversial.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the protective effect of natural immunity against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection with different variants.MethodsWe searched for related studies published in seven databases before March 5, 2023. Eligible studies included in the analysis reported the risk of subsequent infection for groups with or without a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was the overall pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection/infection between the two groups. We also focused on the protective effectiveness of natural immunity against reinfection/infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We used a random-effects model to pool the data, and obtained the bias-adjusted results using the trim-and-fill method. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding included studies one by one to evaluate the stability of the results.ResultsWe identified 40 eligible articles including more than 20 million individuals without the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The bias-adjusted efficacy of naturally acquired antibodies against reinfection was estimated at 65% (pooled IRR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.26–0.47), with higher efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 cases (pooled IRR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.08–0.26) than asymptomatic infection (pooled IRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29–0.54). Meta-regression revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variant was a statistically significant effect modifier, which explaining 46.40% of the variation in IRRs. For different SARS-CoV-2 variant, the pooled IRRs for the Alpha (pooled IRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06–0.19), Delta (pooled IRR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.15–0.24) and Omicron (pooled IRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42–0.87) variant were higher and higher. In other subgroup analyses, the pooled IRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were statistically various in different countries, publication year and the inclusion end time of population, with a significant difference (p = 0.02, p < 0.010 and p < 0.010), respectively. The risk of subsequent infection in the seropositive population appeared to increase slowly over time. Despite the heterogeneity in included studies, sensitivity analyses showed stable results.ConclusionPrevious SARS-CoV-2 infection provides protection against pre-omicron reinfection, but less against omicron. Ongoing viral mutation requires attention and prevention strategies, such as vaccine catch-up, in conjunction with multiple factors.

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Evaluation of antibody kinetics and durability in healthy individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac): A cross-sectional and cohort study in Zhejiang, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

A Longitudinal Study in Tunisia to Assess the Anti-RBD IgG and IgA Responses Induced by Three Different COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

A Longitudinal Study in Tunisia to Assess the Anti-RBD IgG and IgA Responses Induced by Three Different COVID-19 Vaccine Platforms

Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV immunization after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults

Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis

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