Evaluation of antibiotics using ATC/DDD and DU 90% methods on ICU patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital

Abstract

Background: Evaluation of the use of antibiotics is the control of antimicrobial resistance. The ATC/DDD method was recommended to evaluate drug use quantitatively which can be used to compare the quantity of antibiotic use between hospitals and between countries. This research was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection cross-sectional. This research was conducted at the ICU of Universitas Sumatera Utara hospital in August-November 2022 from medical record data for the period January-December 2021 which included patient demographics, patient diagnoses, antibiotic dosage forms, routes of administration, types of antibiotics, dosage, duration of antibiotics use, and duration of treatment. Methods: Evaluation of antibiotic doses using the ATC/DDD method. The results of the study from 57 medical records that met the inclusion criteria showed that the ICU patients who used the most antibiotics were male (59.7%), the age group was >56 years (56.14%), patient diagnoses with COVID-19 (33.33%), and the dosage form was injection with the intravenous route of administration. The most frequently used antibiotics were levofloxacin (48.54%) 45.61 DDD/100 patient-days and ceftriaxone (30.06%) 28.25 DDD/100 patient-days, and the average value of Length of Stay (LOS) is 5.4 ±3.98 days with a total DDD/100 patient-days value of 93.96 (reference value of 51–67 DDD/100 patient-days). DU 90% segment namely levofloxacin (48.69%), ceftriaxone (30.16%) and meropenem (12.82%). The results of the study concluded that the use of antibiotics in ICU patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital showed a high DDD/100 patient-days rate. Therefore, it is necessary for hospital to continuously monitor and evaluated the rational use of antibiotics to prevent resistance of antibiotics.