Evaluation of antibiotics for treatment of cattle infected with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo

Alt, David P.; Zuerner, Richard L.; Bolin, Carole A.

doi:10.2460/javma.2001.219.636

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ceftiofur, a third generation drug used in veterinary medicine, has been shown to be effective in experimental disease in cattle, but this drug was unable to clear chronic infection in swine. 18,19 We have previously shown many of these antimicrobials to produce low MICs in vitro ( Table 1 ), and in this study, we show that the first generation cephalosporins, cefazolin and cephalexin, have low MICs as well ( Table 2 ). These MICs seem to translate to efficacy for both these agents in our animal model of acute leptospirosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of First Generation Cephalosporins Against Leptospira

Harris

Blatz²,

Hinkle³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Third generation cephalosporins are commonly used in the treatment of leptospirosis. The efficacy of first generation cephalosporins has been less well-studied. Susceptibility testing of 13 Leptospira strains (11 serovars) to cefazolin and cephalexin was conducted using broth microdilution. Median minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for cefazolin and cephalexin ranged from < 0.016 to 2 μg/mL (MIC90 = 0.5 μg/mL) and from 1 to 8 μg/mL (MIC90 = 8 μg/mL), respectively. Efficacy of cefazolin and cephalexin in an acute lethal hamster model of leptospirosis was studied. Survival rates for cefazolin were 80%, 100%, and 100%, and survival rates for cephalexin were 50%, 80%, and 100% (treated with 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg per day for 5 days, respectively). Each treatment group showed improved survival compared with no treatment (P < 0.01), and none of the therapies, regardless of dose, was statistically significantly different than doxycycline. These results support a potential role for first generation cephalosporins as alternative therapies for leptospirosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of First Generation Cephalosporins Against Leptospira

Harris

Blatz²,

Hinkle³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Bacteria were enriched from 50 ml of urine by centrifugation, and total DNA was extracted using a kit (DNeasy, Qiagen Corp.). DNA was collected in 100 l buffer and used as a template in PCRs using a modification of previously described methods (1,26). Two primers (P1805, 5Ј-GCGGAAAGTGAACCGTATCGAG-3Ј, and P1809, 5Ј-CTGATATTCGCG GGTTGGAAGG-3Ј) were designed to amplify a 630-bp product from IS1533, an insertion element present in approximately 85 copies/genome of L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo Vaccine Induces a Th1 Response, Activates NK Cells, and Reduces Renal Colonization

Zuerner¹,

Alt²,

Palmer³

et al. 2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Chronic infection of cattle with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo reduces animal production through reproductive failure and presents a persistent health threat to workers in the animal industry. Cattle are maintenance hosts for serovar Hardjo, and development of vaccines that establish long-term protective immunity has been problematic; induction of high titers of anti-serovar Hardjo antibody does not appear to be protective. Rather, development of an antigen-specific Th1 response appears to be critical for limiting renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria. In this study we compared two monovalent killed bacterial cell vaccines to assess long-term (12 months) protection against live serovar Hardjo challenge. Although neither vaccine prevented infection, renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria were reduced compared to those of control animals. Increased proliferation of CD4 ؉ , CD8 ؉ , and ␥␦ T cells from vaccinated, but not control, animals was detected. In addition, NK cells from vaccinated animals and from all animals following infection, when exposed to antigen ex vivo, demonstrated a gamma interferon (IFN-␥) recall response. We propose that programming NK cells to respond quickly to L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo infection may be an important step toward developing protective immunity.

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“…Antibiotic treatment stops urinary shedding and is likely to improve clinical signs associated with persistent colonization of the reproductive tract with serovar Hardjo. 31,32 Longacting oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, tulathro mycin, and ceftiofur have been shown to be effective in the treatment of serovar Hardjo infections. Antimicrobial treatment should be combined with vaccination to prevent reinfection from occurring.…”

Section: Control Of Leptospirosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Agents

Grooms

2014

Bovine Reproduction

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Evaluation of antibiotics for treatment of cattle infected with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of First Generation Cephalosporins Against Leptospira

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of First Generation Cephalosporins Against Leptospira

A Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo Vaccine Induces a Th1 Response, Activates NK Cells, and Reduces Renal Colonization

Infectious Agents

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