Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in Kazakhstan for the Period 2017–2019 Based on WHO Access, Watch and Reserve Classification (AWaRe 2019)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use reimbursed by the state in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 with the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification (AWaRe 2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The evaluation of the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in Kazakhstan for 2017–2019 was carried out using the ATC/DDD methodology in accordance with the WHO AWaRe classification. The study used data on all antibiotics that were centrally purchased by a single purchaser during the study period. To understand how often Access group antibiotics are taken in Kazakhstan, the top-10 most consumed antibiotics were additionally studied. The results of a comparative analysis of the antibiotics for systemic use consumption for 2017–2019 by the Access, Watch, and Reserve groups showed a negative trend of a decrease in the consumption of Access group drugs from 1.17 defined daily dose (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) (39%) in 2017 to 0.59 DID (30%) in 2019. There is an increase in consumption of Watch group antibiotics from 1.84 DID (61%) in 2017 to 1.37 DID (68%) in 2019, as well as an increase in consumption of Reserve antibiotics from 0.001 DID (0.03%) to 0.4 DID (2.11%). In recent years in Kazakhstan, there has been a decrease in the consumption of Access group antibiotics. In addition, the Watch group antibiotics are widely consumed with a certain upward trend. In 2019, one Reserve antibiotic was included in the top-10 most commonly consumed antibiotics. There is a predominant consumption of parenteral forms of antibiotics for systemic use in the country.

Antibiotic-prescribing pattern in the outpatient departments using the WHO prescribing indicators and AWaRe assessment tool in a tertiary-care hospital in South India

“…[ 16 ] The results also vary from the study on antibiotic-prescribing pattern reported in Kazakhstan. [ 17 ] Among the prescribers, primary-care physicians contribute to a major role in prescribing antibiotics for mild to moderate infections, and it is highly recommended that the AWaRe classification of drugs may be a valuable tool to choose antibiotics. At a primary-care level, access group antibiotics are easily accessible, whereas watch group antibiotics need supervision, and hence access antibiotics may be preferred more than watch antibiotics.…”

Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Adult Patients According to the WHO AWaRe Classification: A Multi-Facility Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Healthcare Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

“…The AWaRe protocol also guides prescribers to ensure that they prescribe more than 60% of Access group antibiotics compared to the other groups [33]. However, evidence has shown an overprescribing of Watch group antibiotics compared to Access antibiotics [27] [30] [33] [34].…”

Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in adult patients according to the WHO AWaRe Classification: A multi-facility cross-sectional study in primary healthcare hospitals in Zambia

“…The AWaRe protocol also guides prescribers to ensure they prescribe more than 60% of Access group antibiotics compared to the other groups [31]. However, evidence has shown an overprescribing of Watch group antibiotics compared to Access antibiotics [25,28,31,32].…”