Evaluation of Antibiotic-Releasing Triphasic Bone Void Filler In-Vitro

Abstract

Bone void fillers (BVFs) containing calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and hydroxyapatite can be loaded with antibiotics for infection treatment or prevention under surgeon-directed use. The aim of this study was to characterize the handling and elution properties of a triphasic BVF loaded with common antibiotics. BVF was mixed with vancomycin and/or tobramycin to form pellets, and the set time was recorded. A partial refreshment elution study was conducted with time points at 4, 8, and 24 h, as well as 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Effects on dissolution were evaluated in a 14-day dissolution study. Set time increased to over 1 h for groups containing tobramycin, although vancomycin had a minimal effect. Pellets continued to elute antibiotics throughout the 42-day elution study, suggesting efficacy for the treatment or prevention of orthopedic infections. BVF containing vancomycin or tobramycin showed similar dissolution at 14 days compared to BVF without antibiotics; however, BVF containing both antibiotics showed significantly more dissolution.

Formulation of Antimicrobial Tobramycin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles via Complexation with AOT

“…Systems that deliver their payloads at a predetermined rate and control the level of active ingredient within target tissues above the minimum effective level for prolonged periods help to reduce the dosing frequency (and concomitantly problems with patient compliance), which offer economic, environmental, health and societal impacts. There is a market need for delivery systems with sustained release of polar antimicrobials capable of eradicating bacterial growth in patients with weak immune systems [62,63,64,65,66,67,68]. Here we describe one method of loading high levels of antimicrobials in PLGA nanoparticles and demonstrate their efficacy against P. aeruginosa in vitro, using transient drug–polymer interactions for encapsulation and slow-release, and we envisage such systems to have potential for the treatment of respiratory infections [69,70].…”

“…There is a market need for the development of drug delivery systems and sustained release of polar antimicrobials capable of eradicating bacterial growth in patients with weak immune system [62,63,64,65,66,67,68]. Here we describe one method of loading high levels of antimicrobials in PLGA nanoparticles and demonstrate their efficacy against P. aeruginosa in vitro, using transient drug-polymer interactions for encapsulation and slow-release.…”

Vancomycin Elution Kinetics of Four Antibiotic Carriers Used in Orthopaedic Surgery: In Vitro Study over 42 Days

“…Large bone defects resulting from chronic osteomyelitis, implant-associated infections, or extensive trauma and tumour resections pose a significant problem in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. To enhance mechanical stability, reduce dead space, and create novel bone stock, these defects may be filled with autografts, allografts, or synthetic devices [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Despite their favourable biological properties, associated donor-site morbidity and limited availability have to be seen as major disadvantages of bony autografts over allografts [1,5]. However, allografts may be rejected by the recipient or lose their osteogenic properties during processing [1,6].…”

Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications

“…Therefore, triphasic gypsum-calcium phosphate was later developed ( Hill et al, 2017 ). These triphasic blocks are usually composed of gypsum, hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate ( Harris et al, 2018 , Trost et al, 2020 ). However, slow resorption of hydroxyapatite may hinder further bone regeneration ( Ayukawa et al, 2015 ).…”