Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activities of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using in vivo and in vitro experiments

Siddiqui, Waqar Ahmed; Shahzad, Muhammad; Shabbir, Arham; Ahmad, Anwar

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.162

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The current reported medicinal plants activities against urolithiasis may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the plant parts used traditionally and some of these parts of the plants have been investigated for their bioactive compounds against urolithiasis, while some are still unknown. Previous studies found the effectiveness of the chemical constituents against urolithiasis derived from plant parts that were practiced in the present study, such as Citrullus lanatus and Tribulus terrestris (seed) (34,36) (49,50). The present study demonstrated that the chemical compounds from plant parts in the modern health systems and their utilization (51) may have been practiced earlier by the ancient traditional medicine systems in their own way and may have been transferred from generation after generation.…”

Section: Important Ethnomedicinal Speciessupporting

confidence: 49%

“…It has been found that some of the traditionally used plant parts contain phytoconstituents which can be used as antiurolithiasis agents, such as Bergenia ciliata leaves (ethyl acetate extracts) (33) and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves extracts (32). In a study, the pulp extracts of Citrullus lanatus were found to be effective against urolithiasis, while the seed extracts did not show any effectiveness (34). In contrast, the seeds of Citrullus lanatus were used traditionally against urolithiasis.…”

Section: Ethnomedicinal Utilization Of Plant Parts For the Treatment Of Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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The current study was performed to evaluate the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants to treat and prevent kidney diseases, especially urolithiasis in the Abbottabad region, Northern Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted from 2014–2016 in various rural and tribally dwelled hilly areas like Ayubia National Park, Sherwan and Thandiani. Ethnobotanical information about the medicinal plants employed to treat urinary ailments was obtained from well-informed sources like local healers (hakims) and residents (men/women), who had vast knowledge of local plants uses. The questionnaire method was adopted to record the information and queries were made to verify the information. Informed consent was obtained from each informant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated for each recorded species. Correlation analysis between the RFC, UV and FL% was tested by Pearson’s correlation, SPSS (ver. 16). A total of 38 plant species belonging to 27 families were being used in the study area to treat Urolithiasis or kidney stone diseases. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species. Local people used different methods of preparation for different plant parts; among them, decoction was the popular and dominant way of preparation (52.6%), followed by powder (18.4%), extracts (15.7%), juice (7.8%) and cooked (5.2%). The highest UV was recorded for Rumex acetosa L. (1.14) followed by Agrimonia eupatoria L. (1.1), Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (1.05), Aerva lanata L. (1.04), Eclipta alba Hassak. (1.03). Moreover, twenty-three species were recoded with above 50% Fidelity level. It was found that most of the plant species (16 species) were explicitly used to remove kidney stones. All the obtained data about the ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat urinary tract ailments are alphabetically categorized to their botanical name/family, local name, phytoconstituents, dosage and route of administration, along with quantitative indices value. All the collected ethnomedicinal plants require a thorough scientific investigation for isolation, identification, biochemical assays, toxicities and evaluation of pharmacological activities of the phytoconstituents, especially of the plants recorded with a high-fidelity level before their usage in clinics.

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Section: Important Ethnomedicinal Speciessupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Ethnomedicinal Utilization Of Plant Parts For the Treatment Of Urolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, an increase in calcium concentrations is a favoring environment for nucleation, and precipitation of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate with subsequent crystal growth [32,39]. Similarly, an increased urinary phosphate and oxalate excretions also provide a favorable environment for the formation of calcium phosphate, in turn, leading to calcium oxalate crystal depositions in the renal tubules [18,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of the curative efficacy of G. fruticosus solvent extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar male rats

Alelign

Tessema

Debella

et al. 2021

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background In Ethiopian folk medicine, there is a claim that medicinal plants can treat urolithiasis although there is insufficient scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative efficacy of Gomphocarpus fruticosus extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic rats. Methods Urolithiasis was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. The curative effects were evaluated after oral administrations of 200 mg/kg of the extracts from 15 to 28 days. Urine samples were collected 1 day before sacrificing the rats. Blood, liver and kidney samples were gathered under anaesthetic condition at day 28. Crystals in the urine were also analyzed by light microscopy. Results G. fruticosus EtOAc extract reduced significantly the level of sodium (P < 0.001), whereas it was significantly elevated the levels of magnesium and citrate (P < 0.01) compared to lithiatic control. G. fruticosus BuOH extract lowered the levels of potassium (P < 0.01), calcium and phosphate in urolithiatic rats. It was also observed that G. fruticosus EtOAc extract decreased the level of oxalate in the urine (P < 0.001), whereas it was increased the levels of magnesium (P < 0.05) and citrate (P < 0.01) in serum analysis after exposure to BuOH extract. In the kidneys, CaOx crystal deposits were reduced significantly by G. fruticosus EtOAc extract (P < 0.01). Conclusion It has been noted that G. fruticosus EtOAc extract was potent in treating urolithiasis. However, further study is required to assess the efficacy of the active compounds against urolithiasis.

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“…), a plant of the Cucurbitaceae genus (23) has anti-diabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer effects. So far, 17 compounds of watermelon have been identified, which are divided into five categories; alcohol, ketone, epoxy compounds, hydrocarbons, and acids (24)(25)(26)(27). Watermelon and Persian melon are laxatives and are therefore effective in excreting waste materials and urine sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it prevents calcium oxalate crystals from sticking together and prevents the formation of the primary nucleus of the kidney stone, which increases the levels of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals compared to control. Although the Persian melon rind mechanism of action in preventing the formation of large crystals has not been determined yet, this plant is recommended in Persian traditional medicine for the treatment of kidney stones (19,25,26,28). Studies showed that the white part of watermelon has a large amount of citrulline (a type of amino acid) that improves blood circulation by expanding the arteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats: Alternative medicine and the role of physician and nurse

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Both watermelon and Persian melon extracts have various pharmacological properties like anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and anti-urolithiasis effects. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Wister rats were randomly divided into seven groups and treated for 28 days. The first group (healthy control) and the second group (negative control) received drinking water and water containing 1% ethylene glycol, respectively. The third and fourth groups, received 100 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The fifth and sixth groups, received 400 mg/kg/d hydroalcoholic extract of watermelon rind and Persian melon rind, respectively in addition to 1% ethylene glycol. The seventh group received 0.5 mEq/kg/d potassium citrate in addition to 1% ethylene glycol for prevention and treatment of kidney stone. A 24-hour urine collection was conducted to determine the levels of sodium, calcium, uric acid, oxalate and citrate concentration. Histological study of calcium oxalate crystals was also performed. The serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of blood were determined accordingly. Results: In the present study, administration of high-dose extract of watermelon and Persian melon rind (400 mg/kg/d) and potassium citrate showed significant changes in variables of sodium, calcium, uric acid, citrate, urine volume (P<0.01), blood creatinine, blood uric acid, blood calcium, and serum SGPT (P<0.05). The histological study of calcium oxalate crystals showed a significant reduction in oxalate levels in all prevention groups. Conclusion: The extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind are effective in preventing calcium oxalate stones by decreasing the levels of oxalate, sodium, and calcium and increasing citrate levels and urine volume and affecting the total antioxidant capacity. Persian melon rind extract was more effective than potassium citrate and watermelon rind extract in reducing urine sodium. High-dose watermelon rind extract showed similar effects as potassium citrate.

show abstract

Evaluation of anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activities of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) using in vivo and in vitro experiments

Cited by 36 publications

References 36 publications

Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan

Evaluations of the curative efficacy of G. fruticosus solvent extracts in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar male rats

The effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of watermelon and Persian melon rind on kidney stone prevention in male Wistar rats: Alternative medicine and the role of physician and nurse

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