Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper sylvaticum (Roxb.) stem by experimental and computational approaches

Abstract

Piper sylvaticum Roxb., (Family: Piperaceae), commonly known as pahaari peepal, is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatic pain, headache, asthma, chronic cough, diarrhea, and wounds. To provide scientiic proof for its traditional use, the present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inlammatory properties of methanol extract of P. sylvaticum stem (MEPSS) in pain models. Additionally, computational studies viz. molecular docking, ADME and toxicological property predictions were performed to identify the potent phytochemicals of this plant for antinociceptive and anti-inlammatory activities with good oral bioavailability and safety features. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of MEPSS was performed using established protocols. The antinociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid and formalin test in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg while paw edema induced by carrageenan used for anti-inlammatory activity. Molecular docking study was performed by Schrödinger Maestro 10.1 whereas the SwissADME and admetSAR were used for ADME and toxicity prediction respectively. The total phenolic and lavonoid contents of MEPSS were 93.39 and 53.74 mg gallic acid and quercetin equivalent/g of extract respectively. The methanol extract exhibited signiicant and dosedependent antinociceptive and anti-inlammatory efects in experimental pain models. Also, our docking study showed that piperine, piperlonguminine, and sylvamide have the best binding ainities to cyclooxygenase enzymes with good ADME/T properties. This study conirmed that MEPSS possess signiicant antinociceptive and anti-inlammatory activities which could be due to the presence of phytochemicals and three bioactive compounds (piperine, piperlonguminine, and sylvamide) were found to be most efective in computational studies.

Natural based piperine derivatives as potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors: an in silico ADMET analysis and molecular docking studies

“…It was observed that two compounds 7 and 17c were found as significant hMAO-A inhibitors with IC 50 values 15.38 ± 0.071 µM and 16.11 ± 0.091 µM, respectively. The docking scores of the compounds 7 and 17c as − 9.72 and − 7.98 was also in agreement with the in vitro results [16,17]. However, the reference compound clorgyline and piperine showed hMAO-A inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 18.74 ± 0.096 µM and 19.01 ± 0.031 µM, respectively.…”

Intervention in Neuropsychiatric Disorders by Suppressing Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Signal and Exploration of In Silico Studies for Potential Lead Compounds from Holigarna caustica (Dennst.) Oken leaves

“…Three-dimensional crystallographic structures of enzyme/receptors were obtained from the Protein Data Bank RCSB PDB [36]: potassium channel receptor (PDB: 4UUJ) [37], human serotonin receptor (PDB: 5I6X) [38], cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1, PDB: 2OYE) [39], cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PDB: 3HS5) [40], and xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme (PDB: 1R4U) [41]. The enzyme/receptor was prepared for a docking experiment using Protein Preparation Wizard [42], which embedded in Schrödinger suite-Maestro v 10.1, as we described previously [43].…”

Comparative Study of Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Leaves and Stems for Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Properties Through In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches

“…Finally, the resultant mixture was filtered through a cotton plug, followed by Whatman No.1 filter paper (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and the filtrate solution evaporated to yield the methanol extract of P. sylvaticum leaves and stems (MEPSL and MEPSS). The detailed procedure was described in our previous articles-see materials and methods sections [9,11].…”

“…The preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of this plant (leaves and stem) revealed the presence of several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, and saponins. Additionally, an earlier quantitative phytochemical study of this plant reported that the plant contains substantial amounts of phenols (65.83 and 93.39 mg GAE/g dried extract), flavonoids (102.56 and 53.74 mg QE/g dried extract), and condensed tannins (89.32 and 55.82 mg CE/g dried extract) in the leaves and stem [9,11]. Besides, several phytoconstituents have been isolated from this plant, such as piperine, piperlonguminine, sylvamide, sylvatesmin, sylvatine, sylvone, piperic acid, sesamin, and beta-sitosterol; most of them are fall into the categories of alkaloids, alkamides, flavone, and lignins [9,12].…”

“…Paul et al reported the anthelmintic activity of stem [14] and Haque et al described the antidiarrheal activity of the stem [15]. Chy et al stated that the plant (stem) has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties [11]. Chy et al also reported antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of the leaf part [9].…”