Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Peltigera rufescens lichen species in acute and chronic inflammation models

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of the lichen species Peltigera rufescens (Weis.) Humb (MEPR) (Peltigeraceae) on acute (carrageenan-induced) and chronic (cotton pellet granule) phases of inflammation were investigated. The MEPR was capable of reducing carrageenan-induced inflammation and showed a potent antiproliferative effect (63.5%) in the chronic inflammation model. Inflammation is related to neutrophil infiltration and the production of neutrophil-derived mediators and free radicals. The MEPR reduced the myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, which were increased by carrageenan injection. Carrageenan injection also increased the lipid peroxidation (LPO) as compared with untreated paw tissues. The administration of MEPR, diclofenac, and indomethacin reduced the LPO in paw tissues through amelioration of the antioxidant defense systems. Neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil-derived free radicals in tissues therefore appeared to play an important role in the inflammation process induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effect of MEPR could be attributed to its reducing effect on the neutrophil-derived free radicals and its ameliorating effect on the antioxidant defense systems.

Effect of L-Carnitine and/or Sitagliptin on Serum Lipids Profile of H2O2 Treated Rats (Part-1)

“…Sitagliptin medication decreased serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride (Qin et al, 2005;Monamie et al, 2012;Picatoste et al, 2013). A decrease in postprandial triglycerides with sitagliptin therapy was also reported by (Tremblay et al, 2011;Kubota et al, 2012). Multiple action mechanisms are assumed for the triglyceride-lowering effect of sitagliptin, including inhibited TAG absorption from the intestines, inhibited VLDL-c release from the liver, and decreased blood glucose levels and accompanying improvements in metabolic status (Monami et al, 2011;Cobble and Frederich, 2012).…”

“…Elevation in mRNA expression of acyl CoA synthease and Carnitinepalmitoyltranferease and depression in hepatic acyl CoA transferase mRNA expression in the liver could be the possible mechanism of hypolipdemic effect of L-carnitine (Mun et al, 2007). Sitagliptin significantly lowered the circulating cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, with a significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol in diabetic rats (Tremblay et al, 2011;Saker, 2013) as well as in uncontrolled diabetes (Chawla et al, 2014).…”

“…The production of reactive oxygen species may produce oxidative stress and various degenerative diseases such as cancer, neurologic disorder, atherosclerosis and diabetes (Birben et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2015). Reactive oxygen species can be important mediators of damage to cell structures such as lipids, membranes, proteins and DNA (El-Gendy et al, 2010;Tanas et al, 2010). H 2 O 2 is a type of ROS produced in many physiological and abnormal chemical reactions both intracellular and extracellular.…”

Xanthoria elegans (Link) (lichen) extract counteracts DNA damage and oxidative stress of mitomycin C in human lymphocytes

“…On the other hand, lichens were used as raw materials in paint and cosmetic industry, as environmental indicators, as food and as medicine for various purposes (Cocchietto et al 2002;Dilsizoglu et al 2004;Yazıcı and Aslan 2006;Svoboda 2007). The anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of the lichen species Peltigera rufescens was reported for its reducing effect on the neutrophil-derived free radicals and its ameliorating effect on the anti-oxidant defense systems (Tanas et al 2010). Likewise, Halici et al (2005) reported that, the water extract of the lichen, Usnea longissima, has protective effect in indomethacin-induced ulcers, which can be attributed to its anti-oxidant potential.…”

Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the leafy stems of Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae)

“…Peroxidation is a phenomenon that can alter the functionality of the membranes (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids) by altering their permeability and fluidity etc. Model of inflammation induced by carrageenan used in the study by some authors accompanied to increased production of peroxidized lipids (Tanas et al, 2010). And also lipid peroxidation was reported as complicating the inflammatory process (Uzkeser et al, 2012).…”