Evaluation of Anteroposterior Relationship of Maxillary Central Incisors to a Soft Tissue Plane in Profile Analysis

Singh, Vishal; Sharma, Payal; Kumar, Piush; Bagga, Dinesh Kumar; Sharma, Rakesh; Kumar, Pragya

doi:10.1177/0974909820140307

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Alfaro [15] recommended that the AP position of the upper incisors should coincide with a plane passing through the soft-tissue nasion and perpendicular to the lower border of a photograph taken in NHP, which he termed the STP. Singh et al [16] found that most young adults with good facial harmony had maxillary incisors positioned at or in front of a soft-tissue line dropping down from soft-tissue nasion (STP) and suggested that the STP line is a useful landmark in assessing the position of maxillary incisors in young adult patients seeking improved facial harmony. However, the use of the forehead to determine the AP position of the maxilla has not been studied in a Chinese sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females

Ngan

et al. 2022

APOS

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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the anteroposterior (AP) relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females. Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 lateral smiling photographic images of adult Chinese females who were seeking orthodontic treatment (mean age = 24.0 + 6.5 years old). The study sample was compared to a control sample consisting of 100 images of adult Chinese females with harmonious facial profiles downloaded from the internet. The images were resized and rotated to the upright head position in an image editing software. Reference lines were constructed to evaluate forehead inclinations and AP positions of the maxillary central incisors. Results: In the control sample, 80% of the maxillary central incisors were positioned between the facial axis point of the forehead (FFA) and the glabella. About 13% were positioned posterior to the FFA point and 7% anterior to the glabella. In the study sample, 31% of the maxillary central incisors were positioned between the FFA point and glabella, 52% posterior to the FFA point, and 18% anterior to the glabella. There was a strong correlation between the position of the maxillary central incisors and forehead inclination in the control sample (r2 = 0.827). The difference in AP maxillary central incisor position relative to the forehead between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The forehead may be an important landmark when evaluating the AP position of maxillary incisors in adult Chinese female patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females

Ngan

et al. 2022

APOS

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“…T oday, with an ever-growing emphasis on aesthetics, orthodontic treatment is becoming increasingly popular among adults. [1] The fixed orthodontic appliances have long been associated with an increase in plaque accumulation, bacterial colonization, and resultant enamel decalcification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of antimicrobial agents on the oral microflora in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy–An ex vivo comparative analysis

Shahi¹,

Kumar²,

Shetty³

et al. 2021

J Orthodont Sci

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Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Ozonated Olive Oil Gel, Chlorhexidine gel, and Amflor (Fluoridated) mouthwash on reducing the count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy evaluated at different time intervals.Methods: Sixty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20) based on antimicrobial agents used (Group 1: Ozonated olive oil gel; Group 2: Chlorhexidine gel; Group 3: Fluoridated mouthwash). Elastomeric modules from brackets were collected at T 0 (Fresh samples) and T 1 (2 nd week) and T 2 (4 th week) for assessment of the microbial growth. These collected modules were cultured and evaluated for the presence of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli and numbers of colonies were counted at each interval. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software (Version 20.0). Level of significance was kept at 5%. Intra-group and inter-group comparison between pretreatment, 2 nd week and 4 th week was done for each group using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: There was presence of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli during orthodontic treatment which progressively increased from T o to T 1 and then declined from T 1 to T 2. The colony counts were maximum for Fluoridated mouthwash and least for Chlorhexidine and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion:All three antimicrobial agents used were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Chlorhexidine proved to be more efficacious whereas Fluoridated mouthwash proved to be least effective against both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacteria.

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“…They concluded that soft tissue plane (STP) is a useful landmark in evaluating the position of the maxillary central incisors and that most of the young adults (86.1%) with good facial harmony had maxillary incisors positioned at of in front of soft tissue plane (STP). Maxillary central incisors were positioned more anteriorly relative to the forehead in males as compared to females[22].…”

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confidence: 88%

“…In profile however, the maxillary incisors are not routinely assessed with regard to how they directly relate to the face. Instead, the soft tissue drape is relied on to reflect their position indirectly despite the potential unreliability of this method [22]. In the Six Elements orthodontic philosophy, Andrews stressed the importance of using smiling profile, rather than repose profile, to evaluate the facial esthetics and the optimal AP position of the maxilla.…”

Section: Repose View Vs Smiling Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Original photos and simulated photos from Caucasian (upper panel), African American (middle panel), and Asian (lower panel) models[20] Vishal Singh, et al (2014). evaluated the anteroposterior (AP) position of the maxillary incisors in relation to the soft tissue plane (STP) in young Indian subjects to see if this plane could provide a useful guideline[22]. Soft tissue plane (STP), first defined by Alfaro, is a vertical line drawn passing through the soft tissue nasion (N') and descending perpendicular to the base of the photograph[21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimal Anteroposterior Position of Maxillary Incisors in Caucasian Males Viewed from a Smiling Profile

Shammaa¹

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Background and Objectives: Anteroposterior (AP) position of the maxillary incisors affects the harmony of a facial profile. Different methods have been suggested to evaluate the maxillary incisor AP position, including cephalometric analysis and softtissue analysis. Andrews suggested using a lateral smiling profile to evaluate the AP position of the maxillary incisors. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal AP position of maxillary incisors in Caucasian males using Glabella Vertical (GV), a coronal plane tangent to soft tissue Glabella, as a reference line. In addition, an attempt was made to determine if there are differences in judged facial attractiveness between smiling versus repose profiles, and between dental professionals versus laypersons, and males versus females. Experimental Design and Methods: Smiling and repose profile photographs of 30 randomly selected Caucasian adult males were taken in adjusted natural head position. The AP distance between the maxillary central incisors and GV was measured for each subject. A total of 36 judges (6 male orthodontists, 6 female orthodontists, 12 male lay judges, and 12 female lay judges) were recruited to rate the facial attractiveness of each subject's photograph using a visual analog scale. The data was examined using Tukey's test for multiple comparisons, ANOVA, and chi-square analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in judged facial attractiveness among Caucasian males with various AP positions of maxillary incisors. However, a trend was found; incisors falling on GV were preferred by the judges, followed by incisors ahead of the GV, with incisors behind GV being the least preferred. A significant difference in facial attractiveness was found between smiling versus repose profiles, in particular, patients with maxillary incisors behind GV being judged less attractive. Orthodontic training and sex of the judges did not significantly affect the judgment of facial attractiveness. Conclusions: The AP position of maxillary incisors in Caucasian males might not be a significant factor defining face attractiveness. However, there is a tendency for the preferred maxillary incisor position to fall on GV, ahead of GV being less preferred, and behind GV being least preferred. Orthodontic training and gender does not affect perception of profile esthetics. A smiling profile view is useful for assessing facial esthetics. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the support and assistance I have received during this project and throughout my orthodontic residency. My sincere appreciation to the following individuals: Dr. Peter Ngan: Thank you for serving as my thesis advisor and chair of my committee. You have been a wonderful chairman, teacher, and mentor. I owe you a great debt of gratitude for allowing my dream to become true. Dr. Tim Tremont: Thank you for providing an unbelievable foundation for my future orthodontic career. You have provided invaluable guidance on this project. Dr. Chris Martin: Thank you for serving...

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Evaluation of Anteroposterior Relationship of Maxillary Central Incisors to a Soft Tissue Plane in Profile Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

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Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females

Anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult Chinese females

Effect of antimicrobial agents on the oral microflora in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy–An ex vivo comparative analysis

Optimal Anteroposterior Position of Maxillary Incisors in Caucasian Males Viewed from a Smiling Profile

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