Evaluation of an Ophthalmoscopy Simulator to Teach Funduscopy Skills to Pediatric Residents

Kouzmitcheva, Elizabeth; Grover, Stephanie A.; Berenbaum, Tara; Ali, Asim; Atkinson, Adelle; Yeh, E. Ann

doi:10.1017/cjn.2017.291

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Concerning the use of simulators for medical teaching, the literature points out several advantages, among them, the similarity of the simulation with real-life situations and the correction of some flaws in medical education 19,20 . Such evidence corroborates our results, since the judges pointed out the mannequin's precision and similarity with the real-life situation, and they all agreed and correlated it to situations they had already experienced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a debriefing after the training in the EG and the students emphasized the use of teaching simulators, which have several advantages, including the similarity with real-life situations, reducing the scarcity of learning in medical courses 19 . Also, the EG suggested that confidence may play an important role in improving RRT results in real-life patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red reflex technique training simulator in newborns

Dias

Kadosaki

Souza

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. educ. med.

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Introduction: The Red Reflex Test (RRT) consists of visualizing the reflection that light causes in the retina when it passes through the pupil. It is a screening test for pathologies that can lead to blindness, which still have great social and economic impact on families and the government. Teaching through simulators allows students and health professionals to acquire and improve their clinical skills. Objective: The aim of the study is to develop a low-cost dummy, 3D printed and based on the Arduino platform, for the training of the red reflex technique (RRT) in newborns and evaluate its educational effectiveness. Method: A RRT dummy was presented to 7 expert judges: 6 pediatricians and 1 ophthalmologist to evaluate its applicability in medical learning. For this purpose, they used a 14-item Likert scale of 5 points. Subsequently, 40 individuals participated in a course: 33 medical students, 5 pediatric residents, a nurse and a general physician. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: control (CG) and experimental (EG) group. Each group consisted of 20 participants. The EG went through 4 stages: 1) theoretical background; 2) handling of the simulator; 3) simulated clinical practice and; 4) evaluation in real-life patients. Whereas the CG went through the following teaching methodological processes: 1) theoretical background; 2) direct training in real-life patients and; 4) practical evaluation in a real-life patient. After each respective group intervention, both groups were assessed on their learning in 40 newborns at Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Foundation in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. Results: At the judges’ evaluation regarding the simulator positive items (design, similarity, interest, relevance, content, memorization, didactics, previous reminiscence, comprehension and application), 49.2% answered ‘strongly agree’ and 44.4%, ‘agree’. Regarding the negative questions (difficulty in understanding, information overload, abstraction, difficulty in handling and clarity of operation), 40.0% answered ‘strongly disagree’, and 57.1%, ‘disagree’. The judges were 94.9% favorable to the use of the simulator in medical education. However, comparing the two groups of students, regarding the time of exam, the results showed no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.29). Conclusions: The dummy showed its applicability for the learning of RRT, with the advantage of being able to perform the exam without having to disturb a real-life patient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red reflex technique training simulator in newborns

Dias

Kadosaki

Souza

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. educ. med.

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“…Current training simulators exist, but they are either general funduscopy trainers not explicitly designed for the RRT, are not true eye phantoms and do not capture the 3-dimensional behavior of the reflex, or they do not address the variation in reflex with differing pigmentation. [2][3][4] To address this lack, we have developed 3D pediatric eye phantoms with the goal of mimicking the appearance of the red reflex through the ophthalmoscope and camera in model eyes that represent the full range of eye pigmentation, for both healthy eyes and eyes with conditions that should be detected with the RRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed eye phantoms as physiological and pathological standards for training and instrument development

Walter,

Chau,

Craig

et al. 2024

Optics and Biophotonics in Low-Resource Settings X

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Early identification of conditions that can lead to blindness is critical for saving vision. The optical red-reflex test (RRT), which assesses the light reflections from the back of the eye, is a key exam for identifying adverse eye conditions in very young children. However, healthcare workers generally learn the RRT using peer practice and do not have the opportunity to observe abnormal reflexes, especially for rarer conditions, during training. The light reflections also differ in appearance between populations due to different pigmentation levels, so effective training requires practice with a diverse population. We have developed a set of 3D model eyes that aim to accurately mimic the response of eyes with varying pigmentation levels in the RRT, both for healthy eyes and pathologies that can be identified using the RRT. We characterized the optical properties of a set of full-color 3D printing materials (a white scattering material and four transparent colors -cyan, magenta, yellow and black). These properties were used to determine the number of layers, layer thicknesses, and color and scattering material combinations needed to match the reflectance of different fundi, given the constraints of the 3Dprinter. The model eyes can be used as an inexpensive tool for training a wide variety of health professionals to recognize abnormal reflections from the eye and as a reference standard for developing or calibrating eye screening instruments and tools.

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“…8 Actualmente, a nivel mundial, tanto estudiantes de medicina como médicos recién graduados presentan niveles bajos de confianza en sus conocimientos y habilidades en oftalmología. 6,9,10 Por lo anterior, se vuelve fundamental que las escuelas de medicina incluyan en sus currículos la enseñanza oftalmológica, siendo la oftalmoscopia directa la técnica actual que permite la evaluación oftalmológica de forma ambulatoria en una consulta médica. 11 La incorporación de la oftalmoscopia directa permite la identificación oportuna de hallazgos patológicos en el examen de fondo de ojo, mejorando, así la calidad de la atención médica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Validación de modelo de fantoma en simulación de fondo de ojo para alumnos de pregrado

Vargas-Sepúlveda,

Salgado,

Musa

et al. 2024

Revista Latinoamericana De Simulación Clínica

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RESUMENIntroducción: el examen de fondo de ojo es una competencia necesaria para alumnos de medicina; sin embargo, la docencia en torno a ella es limitada y la confianza de los estudiantes en sus habilidades oftalmológicas es baja. Material y métodos: se realizó una sesión estructurada en tres partes: pre-instrucción, instrucción especialista, y simulación postinstrucción. Los estudiantes recibieron material de aprendizaje en línea previo a la simulación, donde se evaluó su competencia en la examinación del fondo de ojo mediante una lista de verificación. Luego, se brindó instrucción práctica y teórica, incluyendo una demostración en vivo guiada por un especialista. Posteriormente, se realizó una segunda simulación para evaluar la adquisición de habilidades. Resultados: el estudio evaluó el desempeño de 119 estudiantes de medicina. Tras la sesión de simulación, se observó una mejora promedio del 57.2% en relación al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la pauta. Los resultados destacaron incremento en la capacidad de los estudiantes para identificar la mácula y la fóvea, con un aumento del 162.8% en esta competencia. Conclusión: los resultados muestran que una sesión de simulación en oftalmoscopia directa mejora considerablemente las competencias de los estudiantes de medicina de pregrado. La utilización de simulación en la formación oftalmológica permite practicar sin poner en riesgo a pacientes reales, brindando un espacio seguro y estandarizado para practicar sus habilidades clínicas.

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Evaluation of an Ophthalmoscopy Simulator to Teach Funduscopy Skills to Pediatric Residents

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Red reflex technique training simulator in newborns

Red reflex technique training simulator in newborns

3D-Printed eye phantoms as physiological and pathological standards for training and instrument development

Validación de modelo de fantoma en simulación de fondo de ojo para alumnos de pregrado

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