Evaluation of an ex vivo porcine model to investigate the effect of low abrasive airpolishing

Abstract

ObjectivesEvaluation of an ex vivo porcine model to investigate the influence of periodontal instrumentation on soft tissue.Material and methodsIn each of 120 pig mandibles, one molar tooth was chosen at random and instrumented. For subgingival debridement, two different low abrasive airpolishing powders (glycine d90 = 25 μm, erythritol d90 = 14 μm, n = 30 teeth each), curets, and a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler were used (n = 30 teeth each). Thirty teeth in 30 other mandibles served as the untreated control. Gingival biopsies were histologically assessed for destruction using a four-graded scale.ResultsThe porcine model was deemed suitable for the planned investigation. Hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling caused higher tissue damage than both low abrasive airpolishing modes (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.0025). Glycine powder led to less, yet non-statistical noticeable gingival changes compared to erythritol-based powder (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.39).ConclusionAn animal model using pig jaws may be used as a preliminary model to analyze histological effects of periodontal instrumentation in advance of studies performed in human tissues. Among the techniques assessed, low abrasive airpolishing (LAA) caused the smallest tissue damage.Clinical relevanceTo avoid gingival damage using LAA, histological observations of gingival tissue are needed. Since numerous powders for LAA have been developed and it may be expected that additional products will follow, it appears to be useful to establish ex vivo animal models to prove the powders safety.

Plaque disclosing agent as a guide for professional biofilm removal: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…The choice of the authors is due to the desire to progress towards a minimally invasive professional mechanical plaque removal concept and is supported by the evidence that supra-and sub-gingival air-polishing is safe and conservative on both soft and hard tissues, more time-efficient and more comfortable for the patient. 10,[28][29][30][31][32] Furthermore, it allows reducing the use of ultrasonic/ manual instrumentation to the minimum required to remove hard calculus.…”

Retrospective analysis of the long‐term effect of subgingival air polishing in supportive periodontal therapy

“…One can expect that therapists in the future will be confronted with an increasing number of powders for use in low abrasive air polishing, as the number of companies offering powders and seeking market share rises. In 2019, several alternatives to Glycine such as Erythritol, Trehalose or Tagatose (Müller et al, 2014; Petersilka et al, 2018) are available. There are, however, no evidence‐based data showing a clear superiority of one of these products over the other to date but, due to the fact that Glycine was the first abrasive investigated in low abrasive air polishing, it is still one of the products being most extensively backed up by scientific data.…”

Results of an experimental study of subgingival cleaning effectiveness in the furcation area

“…2 ). The two powders also differ in their chemical nature; for example, glycine is an amino acid that dissolves slowly in water [ 32 ], whereas erythritol, a sugar alcohol (polyol) obtained from natural sugar by microbiological fermentation, dissolves comparatively quickly in water. Erythritol is also suitable for patients with diabetes because it has a glycemic factor of 0 [ 33 ].…”