Evaluation of an Electronic Foliometer to Measure Leaf Area in Corn and Soybeans<sup>1</sup>

Hatfield, Jerry L.; Stanley, C. D.; Carlson, R.V.

doi:10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800020063x

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Weekly measurements were made of the number of leaf collars and leaf tips to record the phenological development on 10 plants in each monolith. Measurements were made of the length and maximum width of each new fully emerged leaf to estimate leaf area by multiplying length Â width Â 0.67 using the procedure described by Hatfield et al (1976). These measurements continued until all leaves emerged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Hatfield

Prueger

2015

Weather and Climate Extremes

1,841

1,135

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a b s t r a c tTemperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. Warmer temperatures expected with climate change and the potential for more extreme temperature events will impact plant productivity. Pollination is one of the most sensitive phenological stages to temperature extremes across all species and during this developmental stage temperature extremes would greatly affect production. Few adaptation strategies are available to cope with temperature extremes at this developmental stage other than to select for plants which shed pollen during the cooler periods of the day or are indeterminate so flowering occurs over a longer period of the growing season. In controlled environment studies, warm temperatures increased the rate of phenological development; however, there was no effect on leaf area or vegetative biomass compared to normal temperatures. The major impact of warmer temperatures was during the reproductive stage of development and in all cases grain yield in maize was significantly reduced by as much as 80 À 90% from a normal temperature regime. Temperature effects are increased by water deficits and excess soil water demonstrating that understanding the interaction of temperature and water will be needed to develop more effective adaptation strategies to offset the impacts of greater temperature extreme events associated with a changing climate. & 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Hatfield

Prueger

2015

Weather and Climate Extremes

1,841

1,135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Weekly measurements were made of the number of leaf collars and leaf tips to record the phenological development on 10 plants in each monolith. Measurements were made of the length and maximum width of each new fully emerged leaf to estimate leaf area by multiplying length × width × 0.67 using the procedure described by Hatfield et al (1976). These measurements continued until all leaves emerged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Temperatures Have Dramatic Effects on Growth and Grain Yield of Three Maize Hybrids

Hatfield

2016

Agricultural & Env Letters

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C limate change impacts on agricultural productivity are linked to the positive effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), negative effects of increasing temperatures, and variable effects of precipitation timing and amounts. Projections of crop productivity under scenarios of climate change have ranged from less than 5% with temperature increases of less than 1°C (Hatfield et al., 2011) to a decrease of more than 50% in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Schlenker and Roberts, 2009). Crop yields decrease with increasing temperatures; a summary by Lobell and Field (2007) showed maize yields decreased 8.3% per 1°C rise without any complicating effect due to water stress. These studies point out the negative impacts of temperature increases. In addition, the review by Hatfield et al. (2011) summarized that rising temperatures increase the rate of phenological development, leading to a smaller plant and reduced productivity because of the shortened growth cycle. One of the most vulnerable stages of plant development to temperature stress is the pollination phase because of pollen's sensitivity to extreme temperatures (Hatfield et al., 2011). The current assessments of temperature impacts on crops have been developed through extrapolation of crop models combined with future climate scenarios, with no direct observations on the effect of rising temperatures on phenological development and growth.There have been projections of the impact of rising temperatures as shown by Asseng et al. (2015) in their evaluation of 30 different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) models to simulate wheat production. They concluded that grain production would decrease 6% per 1°C rise and become more variable in both space and time. The projected grain yield decrease is similar to that observed for maize by Lobell and Field (2007). The projections by Asseng et al. (2015) are similar to the 5.3% yield reduction per 1°C observed in Australia by Innes et al. (2015) using a combination of experimental results coupled with simulation models. There is a differential response of plants to temperature throughout the growth cycle. The recent results by Laza et al. (2015) for rice (Oryza sativa L.), for example, showed that high night temperatures had no effect during the vegetative stage; however, during the reproductive stage, yields were reduced because of increased dark respiration rate and spikelet degeneration.Warming temperatures have decreased US wheat yields, as observed by Tack et al. (2015) using historical yield and meteorological data. They used statistical analysis for their study specifically for Kansas wheat yields using a Agricultural & Environmental LettersResearch Letter Abstract: Rising temperatures under climate change are projected to have negative impacts on crop growth and production. These conclusions are not based on direct observations but on projected model results. A study conducted comparing normal seasonal temperatures for Ames, IA, to a normal + 4°C environment with the same water vapor defici...

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“…Rice samples for LAI measurement were collected at approximately 10-day intervals during growing seasons from 2010 to 2012 (Table 1) LAI was measured with LI-3100C Area Meter (Li-Cor Inc.), where the projected image of a leaf sample traveling under a fluorescent light source is reflected by a system of mirrors to a solid-state scanning camera. Hatfield et al (1976) reported that measurement error with this type of area meter is generally less than 2%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Paddy Rice from RapidEye Imagery to Assess Evapotranspiration in Korean Paddy Fields

Na¹,

Hong²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer

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Evaluation of an Electronic Foliometer to Measure Leaf Area in Corn and Soybeans¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Increased Temperatures Have Dramatic Effects on Growth and Grain Yield of Three Maize Hybrids

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Paddy Rice from RapidEye Imagery to Assess Evapotranspiration in Korean Paddy Fields

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Evaluation of an Electronic Foliometer to Measure Leaf Area in Corn and Soybeans1

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

Increased Temperatures Have Dramatic Effects on Growth and Grain Yield of Three Maize Hybrids

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Paddy Rice from RapidEye Imagery to Assess Evapotranspiration in Korean Paddy Fields

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Evaluation of an Electronic Foliometer to Measure Leaf Area in Corn and Soybeans¹