Evaluation of an attract and kill strategy for western corn rootworm larvae

Schumann, Mario; Patel, Anant; Vidal, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.12.007

Cited by 22 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Schumann et al (2013) examined the attractivity of CO 2 -emitting beads for western corn rootworm (WCR) larvae, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Data collected with this approach quantify soil insect activity during entire observation periods rather than providing snapshot evidence of an insect's position at a certain census date, as given in earlier studies.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Image Analysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, attempts have been made to get insight into soil pest insects' behaviour and ecology (van Herk & Vernon, 2007;Johnson et al, 2007;Mankin et al, 2008;Schumann et al, 2013). For this purpose, wireworm activity was assessed under choice and no-choice situations with single and combined treatments of the EPF and the garlic extract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts

Eckard

Bacher

Enkerli

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A combined application of a biological control agent, such as an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), with other means of pest control may lead to enhanced or more reliable efficacy of the biocontrol agent. Ideally, the combined components would interact synergistically, yielding significantly higher mortality of the target pest. The mode of such interactions is often unclear and particularly difficult to elucidate for soil-dwelling pests. Here, an efficient image analysis protocol was developed to study behavioural responses of soil-dwelling insects to application of control measures in two-dimensional terraria. The interactions between the EPF Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Hypocreales), a supposedly repellent extract of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), and wireworms, Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), as target hosts were investigated. Tunnelling activity and mortality of wireworms were studied under choice and no-choice situations of various combinations of the control agents. A treatment with Metarhizium spores resulted in wireworm mortalities of about 80%. Contrary to expectations, a combination of the EPF with the garlic extract did not increase, but slightly decrease wireworm mortality. The data gained from the image analysis revealed that the tunnelling activity of wireworms was clearly reduced in the presence of garlic, which, together with a reduced germination rate of spores, is a possible explanation for the antagonism detected in the combined treatment. The methodological approach developed here can be used to study the interactions among control agents and soil insects over several days and weeks.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Image Analysis Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts

Eckard

Bacher

Enkerli

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…A blend of these last compounds was used to coat capsules and attracted second instar WCR equally as compared to a maize seedling . With the aim of luring the pest away from the plant, CO 2 -releasing material disrupted WCR neonates from locating maize roots, resulting in significant protection of the plant tissue in the laboratory and the field (Bernklau et al 2004;Schumann et al 2013Schumann et al , 2014a. Most of these studies were conducted with second instar WCR, often under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neonate larvae of the specialist herbivore Diabrotica virgifera virgifera do not exploit the defensive volatile (E)-β-caryophyllene in locating maize roots

Hiltpold

Hibbard

2016

J Pest Sci

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The behavior of the neonate larvae of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, a major pest of maize, was assessed in the presence of maize roots constitutively emitting (E)-bcaryophyllene (EbC). This root volatile has been shown to attract both second instar WCR and insect-killing nematodes, and may offer innovative alternatives in helping to manage WCR. Under greenhouse conditions, the maize inbred line HiII, lacking the ability to emit EbC, was planted 75 cm from the maize inbred line 201-L1, the HiII inbred genetically engineered to constitutively emit EbC. WCR eggs were infested in the center of the two lines and neonate attraction toward either root system was recorded after collecting WCR larvae established on the plants. Whereas marginally more larvae were found on EbCemitting plants, counts of recovered WCR neonates did not significantly differ between the two lines. This supports the postulate that CO 2 is the primary attractant for WCR neonate larvae. The chemical ecology of WCR larvae is discussed. A conceptual model of the foraging behavior of this pest is proposed, summarizing our current knowledge on chemically mediated interactions between WCR larvae and maize roots.

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“…When larvae were exposed to treatments for 30 min, the LD50 of thiamethoxam insecticide was 568 pg/ml, but this was decreased to 0.045 pg/ml when the feeding stimulant blend was added, causing a 10,000‐fold increase in the efficacy of the insecticide. It might be possible to use feeding stimulants and/or host recognition cues to enhance the effectiveness of granular insecticide and provide control of WCR damage with a reduced amount of insecticide on an “Attract & Kill” (A&K) basis (Schumann et al., ). This basic concept has already been proven successful in laboratory bioassays with behavioural cues in combination with insecticides (Bernklau et al., ), or entomopathogens (Hiltpold, ; Hiltpold et al., ).…”

Section: Wcr Immature Chemical Ecology: Application In Pest Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foraging Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae

Schumann

Ladin

Beatens

et al. 2018

J Applied Entomology

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In the darkness of the soil matrix, the larva of the western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte relies on chemical cues to locate and accept its host plant roots. For almost 40 years, entomologists and chemical ecologists have tackled the challenge of isolating and identifying active chemical compounds emitted by host plant roots (most of the research has been conducted on maize Zea mays L.) and used by the foraging insect pest larvae. A number of molecules of interest have been documented but have so far only been implemented with little success in the current arms race to manage WCR (and soil‐dwelling pests). An in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the insect foraging behaviour is certainly critical to the development of highly effective and sustainable pest control strategies. This contribution reviews the progress and highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on the chemical ecology of WCR larvae. An individual‐based model of the larval behaviour in response to root volatiles has been developed based on data from the literature. It also proposes avenues (tested or theoretical) to eventually implement this knowledge in integrated pest management of this major maize pest, a critical approach as WCR has evolved resistance to several control strategies.

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Evaluation of an attract and kill strategy for western corn rootworm larvae

Cited by 22 publications

References 67 publications

A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts

A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts

Neonate larvae of the specialist herbivore Diabrotica virgifera virgifera do not exploit the defensive volatile (E)-β-caryophyllene in locating maize roots

Navigating on a chemical radar: Usage of root exudates by foraging Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae

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