Evaluation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Promoter Polymorphisms Identified in Human Populations

Spence, John P.; Liang, Tiebing; Eriksson, C.J. Peter; Taylor, Robert E.; Wall, Tamara L.; Ehlers, Cindy L.; Carr, Lucinda G.

doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000087086.50089.59

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, two polymorphisms were discovered in the promoter region of the ALDH1A1 gene. One variant, a 17-base pair (bp) deletion (À416/À432) (ALDH1A1 Ã 2), has been found in various ethnic groups, whereas the second variant, a 3-bp insertion (À524) (ALDH1A1 Ã 3), was observed only in African Americans [106]. The ALDH1A1 Ã 3 allele was suggested to be more active than the wild-type allele in reported gene transfection assays [106].…”

Section: Aldehyde Dehydrogenasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence

Higuchi

Matsushita

Kashima

2006

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite great advances in understanding of genetic vulnerability in alcohol use disorders, only two gene complexes, ADH and ALDH2, have been identified as having defined effects on alcohol use and liability to dependence in humans. New genes associated with increased risks for the disorder will certainly be added to this list in the near future. Neurobiological analyses of the effects of these genes will surely contribute to further understanding of the cause of alcohol dependence and the interindividual differences in risks.

show abstract

Section: Aldehyde Dehydrogenasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than the ALDH2 Ã 2 allele, the genetic influence of ALDHs on the risk for alcohol dependence appears, if present, to be modest. Protective roles against alcohol dependence have been suggested for the ALDH1A1 Ã 2 allele in Southwest California Indians [108] and for the ALDH1A1 Ã 3 allele in African Americans [106].…”

Section: Aldehyde Dehydrogenasementioning

confidence: 99%

New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence

Higuchi

Matsushita

Kashima

2006

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impact of functional variation in ADH1B and ALDH2 genes on alcohol metabolism have been fairly well characterized; however, there are large interindividual differences in alcohol elimination rates that still remain unexplained. Of potential signi fi cance in this regard may be polymorphisms in ADH4 [ 90,91 ] , ADH7 [ 39,69 ] , and ALDH1A1 [ 92,93 ] as well as the promoter regions of ALDH2 [ 94 ] . Further studies are needed to evaluate the in fl uence of these polymorphisms on the activity of ADH and ALDH and on alcohol levels and elimination rates in individuals, as well as on the physiological response to alcohol consumption and alcoholism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Alcohol Metabolism

Ramchandani

2012

Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key PointsAlcohol metabolism occurs mainly via hepatic oxidation and is governed by the catalytic properties • of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). Genetic polymorphisms in • ADH1B and ALDH2 , and ethnic differences in the prevalence of these polymorphisms, result in increased variation in alcohol metabolism among individuals. Polymorphisms in • ADH1B result in variants that code for isozymes that tend to show a faster rate of alcohol metabolism, while the ALDH2*2 polymorphism results in a "de fi cient" form of ALDH2 that causes an accumulation of acetaldehyde and its associated physiological effects.• ADH and ALDH polymorphisms are also associated with a protective effect on the development of alcoholism. The allele frequencies of ADH1B*2 , ADH1B*3 , and ALDH2*2 are signi fi cantly lower in individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence compared to controls. Further evaluation of the factors, both genetic and environmental, regulating the rates of alcohol • and acetaldehyde metabolism, will help improve our understanding of the metabolic basis and consequences of alcohol's effects, including the risk and consequences of alcohol-related organ damage, developmental problems, as well as alcohol dependence.

show abstract

“…The ALDH1A1 gene has two polymorphic loci in the promoter region -ALDH1A1*2, a 17-bp deletion, and ALDH1A1*3, a 3-bp insertion -and transfection assays suggest that these polymorphisms might be functional (Spence et al 2003). Polymorphisms in the ALDH1A1 gene are reported to be associated with the risk of alcohol dependence and drinking behavior (Ehlers et al 2004).…”

Section: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (Aldh) and Alcoholismmentioning

confidence: 99%