Evaluation of agriculture eco-efficiency in Latvia

Benchmarking Eco-Efficiency and Footprints of Dutch Agriculture in European Context and Implications for Policies for Climate and Environment

“…(Keating et al, 2010). However, as for the concept of sustainability, there are many other operational definitions of eco-efficiency (Gancone et al, 2017). In assessments of eco-efficiency for agriculture, environmental emissions or pollution impacts can be considered as an input, just like e.g., input of synthetic fertilizer.…”

Eco-Efficiency Evaluation of Agricultural Production in the EU-28

“…Finally, agriculture in the EU-28 can be described by similar inputs and outputs. Due to the nature of the research, the normalised environmental impact categories of the ReCiPe midpoint multi-impact assessment method were selected as the inputs, whereas, following the recommendations of Gancone et al (2017) [30], the gross domestic product (GDP) of agriculture was selected as the output in the BCC model.…”

“…Former eco-efficiency studies of agriculture have been carried out for single crops or production processes at the farm level [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. They employed either partial eco-efficiency indicators (e.g., productivity indicators in relation to each environmental indicator separately) or aggregated eco-efficiency indicators (e.g., the overall farm productivity indicators in relation to environmental indicators).…”

“…The environmental component of the eco-efficiency assessment was expressed at the input-output level (e.g., energy used, fertilizer rate, pesticide use, emissions to air, etc.) [19,26,30] or at the impact category level (e.g., global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, land use, and terrestrial ecotoxicity) [18,22,25]. The economic component of the eco-efficiency assessment was expressed, inter alia, as the work income per family work unit (FWU), value added, or gross domestic product (GDP) [26,30].…”

“…[19,26,30] or at the impact category level (e.g., global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, land use, and terrestrial ecotoxicity) [18,22,25]. The economic component of the eco-efficiency assessment was expressed, inter alia, as the work income per family work unit (FWU), value added, or gross domestic product (GDP) [26,30]. To tackle the aggregation challenge of environmental indicators, the DEA approach has been applied basically [19,20,22,26].…”