Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity and LC-MS/MS Compositional Alkaloid Determination of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flowers

Abstract

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to cure a range of diseases. There has been no thorough investigation of the potential toxicity of this plant. The objective of this study is to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of D. ambrosioides hydroethanolic extract (DAHE), as well as it alkaloids composition, utilizing LC-MS/MS analysis. An in silico approach was applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and to predict the toxicity of D. ambrosioides identified alkaloids. A 14-day treatment with a single oral dose of 1–7 g/kg was carried out to investigate acute toxicity. DAHE was given orally at dosages of 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg for 15 days in the subacute toxicity investigation, and body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Livers, kidneys, lungs, and heart were examined histologically. Chromatographic investigation revealed the existence of nine alkaloids, with N-formylnorgalanthamine being the most prevalent. The oral LD50 value of DAHE was found to be 5000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity study. No variations were observed with respect to food intake, water consumption, mortality, or body and organ weight in the subacute toxicity study. On the other hand, DAHE (500 mg/kg) significantly enhanced alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea. Liver and kidney histological examinations revealed modest infiltration of hepatocyte trabeculae by inflammatory cells in the liver and slight alteration in the kidney histoarchitecture. According to our findings, DAHE exhibits low to moderate toxicity.

Assessment of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Ptychotis verticillata Duby Essential Oil from Eastern Morocco: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis

“…Computational tools are used to predict the ADME properties of compounds, such as their permeability across cell membranes, their affinity for transporters and enzymes involved in drug absorption and elimination, and their metabolic stability. For this reason, we assessed the physicochemical properties, drug similarity, and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds using ADME webservers such as SwissADME ( accessed on 5 February 2023) and pkCSM ( accessed on 5 February 2023) [ 28 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Cataleptogenic Effect of Haloperidol Formulated in Water-Soluble Calixarene-Based Nanoparticles

“…The results of the study of acute toxicity of VC10 when administered intraperitoneally allowed the calculation of the LD 50 values in mice and rats, which served as the basis for determining the working doses in further experiments. The LD 50 values of VC10 were found to be 540 ± 75 mg/kg for mice and 510 ± 63 mg/kg for rats, which allows calix[4]resorcinol VC10 to be classified as a toxicity category 4, i.e., as a compound with low toxicity [ 44 ].…”

Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua var. Rahma) Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity

“…The molecules were first transformed into SMILES format using ChemDraw, and then examined using the PASS online application to predict their probable activity (Pa) and likely inactivity (Pi) [87,88]. Moreover, SwissADME (http://www.swissadme.ch/ accessed on 19 April 2023) and pkCSM (http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/pkcsm/ accessed on 19 April 2023) webservers were utilized to assess the physicochemical properties, drug similarity, and pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds [40,89,90]. To evaluate toxicity levels, the Protox II online tool (https://tox-new.charite.de/protox II/, accessed on 19 April 2023) was utilized to provide data on LD 50 values, toxicity class, and various toxicological endpoints [42].…”