Evaluation of Acid Treatment Results for Water-Injection Wells in Saudi
Arabia

Al-Harbi, Mesaad; Al-Dhafeeri, Abdullah M.; Al-Rufaie, Yousef; Mohammed, Safwat

doi:10.2523/101344-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The objective of the matrix acidizing treatment is to pump consequent stages of acid and other fluids in the reservoir formation under fracturing pressure in order to remove or bypass formation damage. As a result of that, wormholes will be created which will lead to a significant increase in the permeability region around the wellbore leading in exceeding the natural permeability of the reservoir 1 …”

Section: Acid Treatment Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Record of Coiled Tubing Reach in Open Hole Horizontal Wells Using Tractor and Friction Reducer in Saudi Arabia History: A Case Study

2008

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Energy sustainability is heavily dependent on sustainability of hydrocarbon production that in turn depends on maximizing the recovery and sweep efficiency. The natural energy supporting hydrocarbon production is facilitated by the dominant reservoir drive mechanism. Maintaining this energy drive at optimum level, calls for a continuous injectivity improvement and uniform distribution of injection. This could be achieved by drilling and stimulating extended reach horizontal injectors. Utilizing Drill Pipe (DP) for stimulating the extended reach interval proved to be ineffective and costly. Stimulation using Coiled Tubing (CT) is effective and less in cost; however, reaching the target depth is a challenge.A new best practice, utilizing a combination of CT tractor and friction reducer agents, enabled the CT to reach the target depth and the stimulation fluid to cover the whole horizontal injection interval. This achievement was a result of proper production engineering planning and several meetings and technical discussions with the service provider.Preparing the young professionals for the future is an important part of energy sustainability. Young professionals were involved in these activities to develop their skills and capability and get them ready for the future.A new record of 9,448 ft were achieved which is the longest in Saudi Aramco history.The application of this combination of techniques could be used in the future to avoid the expensive alternative of stimulation using DP while the rig is on location and to provide better post injectivity performance since it is proved so.

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Section: Acid Treatment Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Record of Coiled Tubing Reach in Open Hole Horizontal Wells Using Tractor and Friction Reducer in Saudi Arabia History: A Case Study

2008

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“…Both rotating disk and coreflood experiments indicated the retarded nature of the emulsified acid. Al-Harbi et al (2006) evaluated acid treatments for water injection wells. These wells were stimulated using regular HCl and emulsified acid with foamed viscoelastic water (for diversion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Presence of Crude Oil on the Performance of Emulsified Acids

2012

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Acid treatment in carbonate reservoirs targets to restore or to stimulate the near-well area. Emulsified acid can be used in matrix acidizing and acid fracturing treatments. The delayed nature of emulsified acid is useful in creating deep wormhole and etched fracture surfaces. Almost all coreflood work done before was performed on cores fully saturated with water. Therefore, the main objective of the present work is to study the effect of presence of crude oil in the formation on the performance of emulsified acid in stimulating carbonate formation.A coreflood study was conducted using high permeability Indiana limestone cores which have dimensions of 1.5" diameter and 6" long. The effect of the presence of crude oil inside the core on the volume of acid to achieve acid breakthrough was studied. Also, the size, numbers and distribution of the resulted wormholes as a function of the core fluid content was studied through the analysis of the CT images on the core after injection of emulsified acid. Also, the effect of the acid injection rate on these parameters was studied. Cores that are fully saturated with water and cores saturated with crude oil and water were used to study the performance of emulsified acids.From the coreflood study, there was no optimum injection rate for an emulsified acid system when it was tested against high permeability Indiana limestone cores fully saturated with water. For high permeability Indiana limestone cores, emulsified acid enhanced the rock permeability when the acid injected at high rates. For cores saturated with crude oil and water, there was no clear relationship between volumes of emulsified acid required to achieve breakthrough and emulsified acid injection rate. Also, volumes to emulsified acid to achieve breakthrough in cores saturated with crude oil and water are greater, compared to acid volumes required to achieve breakthrough in cores fully saturated with water. Emulsified acid system is effective in stimulating limestone cores, at different acid injection rates and at high temperatures, even the cores were saturated with water or saturated with crude oil and water.

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“…Produced water from oil wells contains droplet of oils, suspended particles, and chemical additives. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]19 The added chemicals may include anti-sludge, biocides, scale and corrosion inhibtors. 12,17 These chemicals can adversely affect the injectivity performance if not optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Using New Chemical Recipe for Acid Stimulation in Water Disposal Wells (Al-Khafji Field)

2012

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Acid treatments for dolomite formation with low permeability differ from that applied for calcite rock. Unlike limestone acidizing where HCl reacts with limestone in rapid reaction rate to generate reaction products soluble in water. In Some cases, injectivity well can not effectively improve in dolomite formation with low permeability using conventional 15 wt% HCl acid. In addition, formation damage due to drilling or workover operations can not be removed. Therefore, the process of treating dolomite for injectivitiy improvement may consider a serious issue for acid stimulation. The challenges of dolomite acidizing are to optimize damage removal while maximizing rock permeability with wormhole occurrences. Well DW-4 drilled and completed as horizontal open hole wastewater disposal wells for excess water production from offshore oil wells in Al-Khafji Field. This well is used to dispose the un-wanted co-produced water which shows injectivity decline with time due to sand plugging and oil content droplet.Several acid stimulation treatments were conducted on subject well with low rate of success due to not considering the dolomite reaction rate and the chemical volume to be used. A simple previous treatment review was conducted to select the best chemical recipe and treatment volume for injectivity improvement . As a result of conducting new chemicals recipe with optimum treatment volume, a major improvement in well injectivity with formation damage removal was obtained. This paper demonstrated new design methodology with extensive field study to address the challenges and the best future operation practices for acid stimulation. It included a pre-flush of mutual solvents, then bullheading stage of 20 wt% HCl with intensifier to accelerate the chemical reaction with dolomite rock.A carefully designed train of treatment fluids was applied to remove formation damage induced by drilling and injection fluids. Injectivity tests before and after each step of the treatment was recorded and evaluated. Proper design and execution of the stimulation treatment almost doubled the well injectivity index. Challenges, fluid selection, design criteria, field treatment, lessons learned, and results of the acid treatments were discussed in this paper.

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Evaluation of Acid Treatment Results for Water-Injection Wells in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

A New Record of Coiled Tubing Reach in Open Hole Horizontal Wells Using Tractor and Friction Reducer in Saudi Arabia History: A Case Study

A New Record of Coiled Tubing Reach in Open Hole Horizontal Wells Using Tractor and Friction Reducer in Saudi Arabia History: A Case Study

Effect of Presence of Crude Oil on the Performance of Emulsified Acids

Lessons Learned from Using New Chemical Recipe for Acid Stimulation in Water Disposal Wells (Al-Khafji Field)

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