Evaluation of acid–base disorders in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency room. Part 1: Comparison of three methods of acid–base analysis

Abstract

The physicochemical approaches diagnosed more acid-base abnormalities in this population than the traditional approach although many of the abnormalities identified were small and of unknown clinical relevance. The physicochemical approaches may provide greater insight as to the underlying etiology of abnormalities, which maybe of particular relevance to cases with changes in albumin and/or phosphorus concentration.

Use of Elements of the Stewart Model (Strong Ion Approach) – SID3, SID4, Atot/A−, SIDe and SIG for the Diagnostics of Respiratory Acidosis in Brachycephalic Dogs

“…The values of SID 3 , SID 4 , SID e , Atot/A -and SIG calculated on the 14 th day after the procedure, when the animals were free of respiratory acidosis, are compatible with the results obtained by other researchers examining healthy dogs (Siegling-Vlitakis et al 2007, Hopper et al 2014a, Wagner et al 2015. In the literature, there is a lack of data regarding SID 3 , SID 4 , SID e , Atot/A -and SIG values through the duration of respiratory acidosis, since researchers concerned with ABB and its disorders believe that Stewart's model and its variant, described as a semiquantitative approach, are tools serving strictly the analysis of metabolic types of disorders.…”

“…Current studies concerned with the utilisation of buffer ion concentration changes in the diagnostics of ABB disorders are limited to metabolic disorder types (Russel et al 1996, Mc Cullough and Constable 2003, Corey 2005, Constable and Stampfli 2005, Siegling-Vlitakis et al 2007, Hopper et al 2014a. Correy (2005) developed rules of interpretation and diagnostics of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on the basis of changes of SID and SIG values, albumin concentration and their mutual relationships.…”

Evaluation of acid–base disorders in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency room. Part 2: Comparison of anion gap, strong ion gap, and semiquantitative analysis

“…The metabolic acid–base diagnosis for each patient was determined using each of three approaches: the traditional approach, Stewart approach, and a semiquantitative approach, as described in the companion paper …”

“…A reference range for AG, SIDapp, SIDeff, and SIG was determined from the normal values collected, for dogs and cats, respectively. A reference range for the semiquantitative parameters of free water effect, chloride effect, albumin effect, and phosphorus effect was determined by using the high and low value of the normal range for each variable (provided in Table of the companion article) …”

“…The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of three methods by which to quantify unmeasured anions in venous blood samples collected from dogs and cats on presentation to an emergency room. This is a companion study to a comparison of three methods of acid–base analysis (Part 1) using the same dataset …”