Evaluation of Accuracy of Chinese AMDAR Data for 2015

Ding, Jinfeng; Zhuge, Xiaoyong; Li, Xin; Zipeng, Yuan; Wang, Yuan

doi:10.1175/jtech-d-17-0095.1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…This work included also a comprehensive review of previous evaluations of AMDAR data and confirmed it to be well suited for ABL studies. Similar conclusions were obtained by Ding et al (2015) and Ding et al (2018) in studies conducted over China. Zhang et al (2020a) produced a comparative climatology of ABL heights over the U.S., discussing different methods to diagnose them and comparing the results with those from ERA5 reanalyses and short-term field campaigns.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Using Commercial Aircraft Meteorological Data to Assess the Heat Budget of the Convective Boundary Layer Over the Santiago Valley in Central Chile

Muñoz

Whiteman

Garreaud

et al. 2022

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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The World Meteorological Organization Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) programme refers to meteorological data gathered by commercial aircraft and made available to weather services. It has become a major source of upper-air observations whose assimilation into global models has greatly improved their performance. Near busy airports, AMDAR data generate semi-continuous vertical profiles of temperature and winds, which have been utilized to produce climatologies of atmospheric-boundary-layer (ABL) heights and general characterizations of specific cases. We analyze 2017–2019 AMDAR data for Santiago airport, located in the centre of a $$40\times 100$$ 40 × 100 km$$^2$$ 2 subtropical semi-arid valley in central Chile, at the foothills of the Andes. Profiles derived from AMDAR data are characterized and validated against occasional radiosondes launched in the valley and compared with routine operational radiosondes and with reanalysis data. The cold-season climatology of AMDAR temperatures reveals a deep nocturnal inversion reaching up to 700 m above ground level (a.g.l.) and daytime warming extending up to 1000 m a.g.l. Convective-boundary-layer (CBL) heights are estimated based on AMDAR profiles and the daytime heat budget of the CBL is assessed. The CBL warming variability is well explained by the surface sensible heat flux estimated with sonic anemometer measurements at one site, provided advection of the cool coastal ABL existing to the west is included. However, the CBL warming accounts for just half of the mean daytime warming of the lower troposphere, suggesting that rather intense climatological diurnal subsidence affects the dynamics of the daytime valley ABL. Possible sources of this subsidence are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Using Commercial Aircraft Meteorological Data to Assess the Heat Budget of the Convective Boundary Layer Over the Santiago Valley in Central Chile

Muñoz

Whiteman

Garreaud

et al. 2022

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…While the quality of AMDAR temperature and wind reports has been shown to be relatively high (e.g., Benjamin et al 1999;Ding et al 2018), bias correction provides an opportunity to account for measurement biases. The sign and magnitude of ABO temperature biases depends upon aircraft type, pressure altitude, and phase of flight (Drue et al 2008), but ABO generally exhibit a warm bias (Ballish and Kumar 2008) relative to rawinsonde sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial-Aircraft-Based Observations for NWP: Global Coverage, Data Impacts, and COVID-19

James

Benjamin

Jamison

2020

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Weather observations from commercial aircraft constitute an essential component of the global observing system, and have been shown to be the most valuable observation source for short-range numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems over North America. However, the distribution of aircraft observations is highly irregular in space and time. In this study, we summarize the recent state of aircraft observation coverage over the globe, and provide an updated quantification of their impact upon short-range NWP forecast skill. Aircraft observation coverage is most dense over the contiguous United States and Europe, with secondary maxima in East Asia and Australia / New Zealand. As of late November 2019, 665 airports around the world had at least one daily ascent or descent profile observation; 400 of these come from North American or European airports. Flight reductions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a 75% reduction in aircraft observations globally as of late April 2020. A set of data denial experiments with the latest version of the Rapid Refresh NWP system for recent winter and summer periods quantifies the statistically significant positive forecast impacts of assimilating aircraft observations. A special additional experiment excluding approximately 80% of aircraft observations reveals a reduction in forecast skill for both summer and winter amounting to 30-60% of the degradation seen when all aircraft observations are excluded. These results represent an approximate quantification of the NWP impact of COVID-19 related commercial flight reductions, demonstrating that regional NWP guidance is degraded due to the decreased number of aircraft observations.

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“…Likewise, Mirza et al (2016) used a metrological method to compare in situ atmospheric measurements, made with research-grade instruments aboard the FAAM BAe-146, with (emulated) Mode-S EHS reports, at the same point in space and time. Figure 2 shows empirical estimates of observation uncertainty standard deviation for aircraft temperature reports from a range of studies: AMDAR versus Radiosonde (Schwartz and Benjamin, 1995;Ding et al, , 2018; AMDAR versus other nearby AMDAR reporting aircraft (Benjamin et al, 1999); Mode-S MRAR versus Radiosonde (Strajnar, 2012), Mode-S EHS versus Radiosonde (de Haan and Stoffelen, 2012).…”

Section: Empirical Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing diagnosed observation uncertainties with independent estimates: A case study using aircraft‐based observations and a convection‐permitting data assimilation system

Mirza

Dance

Rooney

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Aircraft can report in situ observations of the ambient temperature by using aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR) or these can be derived using modeselect enhanced tracking data (Mode-S EHS). These observations may be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models to improve the initial conditions for forecasts. The assimilation process weights the observation according to the expected uncertainty in its measurement and representation. The goal of this paper is to compare observation uncertainties diagnosed from data assimilation statistics with independent estimates. To quantify these independent estimates, we use metrological comparisons, made with in-situ research-grade instruments, as well as previous studies using collocation methods between aircraft (mostly AMDAR reports) and other observing systems such as radiosondes. In this study we diagnose a new estimate of the vertical structure of the uncertainty variances using observation-minus-background and observation-minus-analysis statistics from a Met Office limited area three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3 km horizontal grid-length, 3-hourly cycle). This approach for uncertainty estimation is simple to compute but has several limitations. Nevertheless, the resulting diagnosed variances have a vertical structure that is like that provided by the independent estimates of uncertainty. This provides confidence in the uncertainty estimation method, and in the diagnosed uncertainty estimates themselves. In the future our methodology, along with other results, could provide ways to estimate the uncertainty for the assimilation of aircraft-based temperature observations.

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Evaluation of Accuracy of Chinese AMDAR Data for 2015

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Using Commercial Aircraft Meteorological Data to Assess the Heat Budget of the Convective Boundary Layer Over the Santiago Valley in Central Chile

Using Commercial Aircraft Meteorological Data to Assess the Heat Budget of the Convective Boundary Layer Over the Santiago Valley in Central Chile

Commercial-Aircraft-Based Observations for NWP: Global Coverage, Data Impacts, and COVID-19

Comparing diagnosed observation uncertainties with independent estimates: A case study using aircraft‐based observations and a convection‐permitting data assimilation system

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