Evaluation of Acaricidal Effect of Ethnoveteinary Medicinal Plant by in vivo and in vitro against Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae of Infected Goats in North Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine parasiticidal efficacy of seven ethnomedicinal plants against Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae of goats using in vivo and in vitro techniques. In vitro techniques for evaluation of efficacy of medicinal plants essential oils and fixed oils of seven medicinal plant extracts diluted at different concentrations (essential oils from 2.5% to 0.15625% and fixed oils from 160 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml) were added to petridishes containing adult stage of Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae. After 3 h of contact, all concentrations of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus and Cymbopogon citractus showed a good in vitro acaricidal efficacy as compared with the non-treated controls (p<0.05). However, Nicotiana tobacum fixed oil had significant (P<0.05) effect at a concentration of 160 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml. Pyrethrum cineraria folium fixed oil showed lower acaricidal efficacy (P<0.05) in all the concentrations of the extract as compared to the reference drugs. In vivo techniques undertaken for evaluation of efficacy essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus and Cymbopogon citractus at a concentration of 0.625% in 2% Tween 80 on two groups of (six animals each) Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae infested goats were topically treated two times at 14 days interval and its compared with non-treated and treated (diazinone and ivermectin) controls of six goats in each group. The infected goats treated with the essential oils were cured completely. Statistically insignificant (p>0.05) difference was never observed in mite count, Mean Recovery Response (MRR) and degree of Skin Lesion Quality (SLQ) between goats treated with plant extracts and those treated with diazinone and ivermectin. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus and Cymbopogon citractus extracts should be licensed for the treatment of Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae.

Acaricidal activity of plant-derived essential oil components against Psoroptes ovis in vitro and in vivo

“…Previous studies have shown that a large number of essential oils had acaricidal activity in vitro and in vivo . Clove oil, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, eupatorium extracts and lemon oil caused significant mortality in S. scabiei [14, 17, 23, 24, 33, 46]; cinnamon oil, oregano oil, Laurus and rhododendron in P. cuniculi [13, 18, 20, 25, 27]; and trans-cinnamic acid in P. ovis [15]. Although the acaricidal efficacy of many essential oils has been well documented, the involved mechanism and effective ingredients of the acaricidal activity are barely understood.…”

“…In the treatment group, calves received a topical treatment with 2% carvacrol emulsified in Tween-80 (2%) [24], while in the control group calves received treatment with Tween-80 (2%) only. In both groups, approximately 0.4 ml of the emulsion was applied per cm 2 of lesion [15] by using a 500 ml plastic garden sprayer which was adjusted to give a steady jet (as opposed to a fine spray).…”

“…and seem to have strong acaricidal efficacy in vitro [13–20]. Several essential oils were also tested in vivo against S. scabiei in rabbits, goats and pigs [21–24], against P. cuniculi in rabbits [13, 25–27] and against Chorioptes texanus in cattle [28]. Essential oils are volatile oils which are naturally produced by plants as secondary compounds, and are commercially available as concentrated products containing volatile aroma compounds [29, 30].…”

Bacterial Skin Infections in Livestock and Plant-Based Alternatives to Their Antibiotic Treatment

“…In addition, in vivo studies on skin diseases caused by mites were previously carried out. Kebede and Negese [ 266 ] tested the antimicrobial effect of E. globulus EO and Cymbopogon citratus EO in goats infected by Sarcoptes scabiei var. caprae .…”