Evaluation of Abuse Drugs and Clinical Laboratory Tests Variations in Whole Blood & Urine Samples of Abusers

Abstract

Abstract:In this study, five hundred urine samples and five hundred blood samples of abusers were examined for the presence of alkaloid substances and abuse drugs in urines and bloods. These numbers of blood and urine samples of addicts in clinics of welfare organization, during detoxification treatment or maintenance treatment were screened for abuse drugs presence. The all of samples were tested through as a view of clinical laboratory methods. Age ranges of female patients were 35 ± 15 and age range of males patients were 45 ± 15. All patients filled questionnaire and satisfy forms too. First, all fresh urine and blood samples were examined to confirm presence drugs abuses, depend on their addiction and treatment, so all samples were confirmed by two tests. Then they were examined to other clinical laboratory tests. All data were analyzed by t-test and were Anova one way and two ways of Anova Turkey, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The p-value of this study was p = 0.0001. The results of this study were showed that 4% of abusers had mild increase in hematocrite level and 2% of narcotic drugs abusers had mild lower level of blood sugars than normal range and 4% of participants had increase liver enzymes such ALT (alanine transferase), AST (aspartat transferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatease) and 1% of them had renal failure. Although blood level BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinin were examined to evaluation of their renal failure .The results in Tabriz/Iran undrevision of welfare organization clinics were approximately showed that positive results of addiction are in each of urine and blood samples. Because some of abusers directly consumed full long time agonist or partial agonists' drugs such as methadone and buprenorphine for their maintenance therapy in clinics. Also doing test on blood samples has high importance in distinguishing and confirmation of drugs abuse in samples. Also in this study we conclude that among all drug analytical methods the cheapest and easiest test to screening opioids and other abuse drugs in urine and blood samples is strip test for rapid diagnosis, also tests on blood samples have high importance as a view point of accuracy to distinguishing of drugs abuse, and serum levels of some other parameters showed all abusers patients situation such as liver and renal dysfunction through clinical laboratory tests.

Monitoring of abusers by clinical laboratory tests and eye pupil examinations

“…In this study other parameters of clinical biochemistry such liver function tests of abusers and their liver enzymes were evaluated too. [1][2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]…”

“…The use some droplets of amoniaque solution in urine f abusers before their test significantly remove false negative results. All of the abusers had smoking, alcohol, pain-relief and sedative medicines history [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Majority of the abusers had relatively long history of using addictive substances or drugs for more than five years.…”

“…Moreover, some studies were also carried out to investigate anemia level of the abusers. Results of all above-mentioned tests have been shown in results the tables [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Use of advanced experimental tools is essential in addictives and abuse drugs distinguish, however they are not economically available all the times. Hence and according to what was mentioned earlier we propose use of initial facilities such as Immuno-chromatography rapid strips as effective in urine samples and experimental tools such evaluation of eye pupils' variations and then we develop the research procedure and framework based on them [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”