Evaluation of a Thyroid Nodule

Bomeli, Steven R.; LeBeau, Shane O.; Ferris, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.002

Cited by 159 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…5 A solitary nodule is more likely to represent carcinoma (2.7-30%) than a dominant nodule within a multinodular gland (1.4 to 10%). 6 Thyroid nodules are more frequent in women, iodine deficient regions, in older ages and with history of head and neck radiation in children. Any solitary or dominant nodule larger than 1cm should be subjected to FNAC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macrocalcification in thyroid nodule

Verma¹,

Mohindroo

Azad³

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine organs. The prevalence of palpable thyroid nodules increases with age and is 4-7% in a middle-aged population. Objective of present study was to understand if thyroid malignancy is associated with macrocalcification.Methods: 34 cases were with thyroid nodules were evaluated initially with sonography and then with FNAC, the results of which were given on the basis of Bethesda system.Results: On USG, 23 (67.6%) nodules had macrocalcifications, 5 (14.7%) had microcalcifications and 6 (17.6%) had both micro as well as macrocalcifications. Cytology of 23 nodules with macrocalcification were non-diagnostic in 8.7%, benign 73.9%, suspicious for malignancy in 8.7 % and malignant in 8.7%. Only 2 lesions with macrocalcification and 1 with both macro and microcalcification came out to be non-diagnostic. 17 lesions with macrocalification were diagnosed as benign, 2 as suspicious for malignancy and 2 as malignant. While 3 lesions with microcalcification were diagnosed as malignant on FNAC and 2 as benign.Conclusions: Macrocalcification is not a good indicator for malignancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid nodules are uncommon in children and adolescents compared with adults, but the risk of malignancy is much higher in children (14-40% compared with 5% in adults). 6 Serum TSH measurement is recommended in all patients presenting with a nodule. Majority of the patients with benign or malignant thyroid nodule(s) are euthyroid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrocalcification in thyroid nodule

Verma¹,

Mohindroo

Azad³

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…Günümüzde tiroid lezyonlarına yaklaşımda, ilk basamak tanı yöntemi olarak glanddaki (her bir nodüle ait risklerin toplamı sonucunda) malignite riski ile aynı olduğu (26), şüpheli USG bulguları taşıyan 1 cm'den küçük nodül ile daha büyük nodüle sahip hastalarda malignite oranının benzer olduğu yapılan çalışmalarda anlaşılmıştır (27).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Relationship Between Thyroid Nodule Diameter and Malignancy: Does Nodule Diameter Actually Increase Probability of Malignancy?

Er¹,

Akın²,

Baba³

et al. 2017

Akd Med J

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ÖZAmaç: Tiroid nodülleri tiroid glandının en önemli patolojilerindendir. Tiroid nodüllerinde, bazı özel-liklerin bulunması nodülün malign olma olasılığını artırmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, bu parametrelerden özellikle nodül çapının malignite ile olan ilişkisini ve ek olarak bunun yanında ultrasonografi de karşılaş-tığımız diğer risk faktörlerinin malignite açısından destekleyici özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği'nde 2006-2012 yılları arasında opere edilen toplam 271 olgu üzerinde yapılmıştır. Olgular; yaş, cinsiyet, USG ( nodül boyutu, yapısı, sayısı, ekojenitesi, kontur özellikleri, kalsifikasyon durumu) bulgularına ve İİAB sonuçlarına göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 271 hastanın, 227'si(%83,8) kadın, 44'ü(%16) erkekti. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 49,2 ± 13 idi. Tek nodül çapı ile malignite arası değerlendirme yapıldığında; hastaların nodül çapı ile postoperatif sonuç arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görüldü (p=0,001). Benign nodüller içerisinde çapı 1 cm'den az olanların oranı daha az iken, malign nodüller içerisinde ise çapı 1 cm'den az olanların oranı daha fazla tespit edildi. Multinodüler grupta ise malignite ve çap arasındaki ilişki anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,679). Sonuç: Nodül çapı ile malignite arasında anlamlı bir ilişki mevcut olup, bu ilişki soliter nodüllerde daha anlamlı olmakla beraber, küçük çaplı nodüller daha malign bulunmuştur. Nodül çapı tiroid nodül takibinde önemlidir ancak, benign-malign ayrımında tek başına çok anlam ifade etmemektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Tiroid nodülü, Tiroid kanseri, Nodül çapı-malignite ilişkisi ABSTRACT Objective: Thyroid nodules are the most important pathologies of the thyroid gland. The presence of certain features in thyroid nodules increases the likelihood that the nodule is malignant. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between malignancy and nodule diameter, and other risk factors that we encountered on ultrasonography (USG) in terms of malignancy. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 271 cases operated between 2006 and 2012 at the Clinic of General Surgery, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital. Features such as age, gender, USG (nodule size, structure, number, echogenicity, contour features, calcification status) were evaluated according to the findings and the results of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Results: Of the 271 patients included in the study, 227 (83.8%) were female and 44 (16%) were male. The mean age for all groups was 49.2 ± 13. When single nodule diameter and malignancy were evaluated, there was a significant correlation between nodule diameter and post-operative outcome of the patients (p = 0.001). The proportion of nodules with a diameter less than 1 cm was lower in benign nodules while nodules with a diameter less than 1 cm were more common among malignant nodules. In the multinodular group, the relationship between malignancy and diameter was not significant (p = 0.679). Conclusion: The...

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“…Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common of the well-differentiated carcinomas, comprising 80-85% of thyroid cancers (12). In its classical variant it presents no difficulty in cytological and histological diagnosis due to its distinctive nuclear features -clear nuclei with hypodense chromatin, nuclear grooves and inclusions, as well as formation of neoplastic papillae and the presence of psammoma bodies (13). Immunohistochemistry offers diagnostic advantages in cases of cystic thyroid lesions, that can harbor occult papillary cancer (14), in less differentiated variants as tall cell, hobnail or columnar cell variants and in lymph metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 expression in thyroid tumors

Siderova

Hristozov

Krasnaliev

et al. 2016

SSM

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AIM:The aim of this paper is to evaluate the expression of Galectin-3 in benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to assess its diagnostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Immunohistochemical analysis of Galectin-3 expression was performed on 64 surgically removed thyroid nodules, including 38 carcinomas (13 papillary, 2 tall cell variants, 4 lymph node metastases from papillary carcinoma, 6 follicular variants of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC), 4 anaplastic, 5 follicular and 4 Hürthle cell carcinomas), as well as 26 benign lesions (10 follicular adenomas, 5 Hürthle cell adenomas, 11 nodular goiters with surrounding normal thyroid tissue). RESULTS:We found strong and diffuse Galectin-3 expression in all malignant lesions except for one case of FVPTC and one follicular carcinoma. Normal thyrocytes and the majority of the benign lesions were negative for Galectin-3. This molecular marker was expressed in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei of follicular cells. A statistical analysis determined the sensitivity (94.7%), specificity (69.2%), PPV (81.8%), NPV (90%), and accuracy (83%) of Galectin-3. CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that the immunohistochemical expression of Galectin-3 might contribute to a differential diagnosis between malignant and benign thyroid nodules, including those with follicular architecture.

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Evaluation of a Thyroid Nodule

Cited by 159 publications

References 43 publications

Macrocalcification in thyroid nodule

Macrocalcification in thyroid nodule

Relationship Between Thyroid Nodule Diameter and Malignancy: Does Nodule Diameter Actually Increase Probability of Malignancy?

Galectin-3 expression in thyroid tumors

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