Evaluation of a sexual health approach to reducing HIV/STD risk in the transgender community

Bockting, Walter; Robinson, Beatrice “Bean” E.; Forberg, Jakob Lundager; Scheltema, Karen

doi:10.1080/09540120412331299825

Cited by 101 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The remaining 14 studies reported data on MTF transgender women exclusively. Three studies evaluated behavioral interventions for transgender populations (Bockting et al 1999(Bockting et al , 2005Nemoto et al 2005).…”

Section: Description Of Reviewed Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors of Transgender Persons in the United States: A Systematic Review

et al. 2007

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Transgender populations in the United States have been impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This systematic review estimates the prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviors of transgender persons. Comprehensive searches of the US-based HIV behavioral prevention literature identified 29 studies focusing on male-to-female (MTF) transgender women; five of these studies also reported data on female-to-male (FTM) transgender men. Using meta-analytic approaches, prevalence rates were estimated by synthesizing weighted means. Meta-analytic findings indicated that 27.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.8-30.6%) of MTFs tested positive for HIV infection (four studies), while 11.8% (95% CI, 10.5-13.2%) of MTFs self-reported being HIV-seropositive (18 studies). Higher HIV infection rates were found among African-American MTFs regardless of assessment method (56.3% test result; 30.8% self-report). Large percentages of MTFs (range, 27-48%) reported engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., unprotected receptive anal intercourse, multiple casual partners, sex work). Prevalence rates of HIV and risk behaviors were low among FTMs. Contextual factors potentially related to increased HIV risk include mental health concerns, physical abuse, social isolation, economic marginalization, and unmet transgender-specific healthcare needs. Additional research is needed to explain the causes of HIV risk behavior of transgender persons. These findings should be considered when developing and adapting prevention interventions for transgender populations.

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Section: Description Of Reviewed Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors of Transgender Persons in the United States: A Systematic Review

et al. 2007

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“…Transgender individuals may have an increased risk of HIV infection due to a range of factors. These include the effects of social stigma, such as shame, low selfesteem, secrecy, and loneliness (Bockting, Robinson, Forberg & Scheltema 2005), which can affect the negotiation of safer sexual practices and contribute to individuals engaging in higher risk sex (Bockting et al 2005).…”

Section: Why Does Gender Identity Matter For Hiv Risk?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender in Africa: Invisible, inaccessible, or ignored?

Jobson¹,

Theron

Kaggwa

et al. 2012

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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Transgender people are an important key population for HIV risk globally, and several studies have found HIV prevalence rates in transgender populations that are significantly higher than those among other key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). There is a lack of research on transgender populations in Africa, and at present, there is almost no data available on HIV prevalence and risk among transgender people on the continent. It is possible that the invisibility of transgender people in epidemiological data from Africa is related to the criminalisation of same-sex behaviour in many countries and the subsequent fear of negative repercussions from participation in research. Alternatively, transgender people may be being overlooked in research due to confusion among researchers about how to ask questions about gender identity. It is also possible that transgender populations have simply been ignored in research to date. Without research on transgender-specific HIV prevalence and risk, it is very difficult to know what interventions and services are needed for this risk population. Therefore, it is important that researchers, governments, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and donor organisations begin to pay explicit attention to transgender people in their HIV-related research and programmes in Africa. Keywords: transgender, Africa, HIV/AIDS RésuméLes personnes transsexuelles son tune population clé importante pour le risque au VIH à l'échelle mondiale, et plusieurs études ont montré que les taux de prévalence du VIH au sein des populations transsexuelles étaient significativement plus élevés que ceux parmi les autres populations clés comme les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec les hommes (HSH). Il y a une carence dans le domaine de recherche sur les populations transsexuelles en Afrique, et présentement il n'y a presque pas de données disponibles sur la prévalence et le risque relatifs au VIH au sein de la population transsexuelle sur le continent. Il est possible que l'invisibilité de la population transsexuelle dans les données épidémiologiques provenant de l'Afrique soit liée à la criminalisation répandue des comportements homosexuels dans beaucoup de pays et la peur des répercussions négatives consécutives à la participation aux activités liées aux pratiques homosexuels. Alternativement, la population transsexuelle pourrait être en train d'être négligée dans la recherche en raison de la confusion parmi les chercheurs sur la manière de poser les questions sur l'identité sexuelle. Il est aussi possible que les populations transsexuelles aient simplement été ignorées dans les recherches jusqu'à présent. Sans la recherche sur le risque et la prévalence spécifique chez les transsexuels, il est très difficile de connaître quelles interventions et quels services sont nécessaires pour cette population à risque. Il est donc important que les chercheurs, les gouvernements, les ONGs et les organisations donatrices commencent à prêter une attention particulière à la population transsexu...

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“…1,5,[13][14][15] In April 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the Advancing HIV Prevention initiative, which was aimed at reducing barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infections and increasing access to quality medical care, treatment, and ongoing prevention services. 18 A key strategy of this initiative was to implement new models for diagnosing HIV infections outside of medical settings, with particular attention to diagnosing infections in minority populations and other communities that may have decreased access to or use of existing HIV testing services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid HIV Testing in Transgender Communities by Community-Based Organizations in Three Cities

et al. 2008

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SYNOPSISObjectives. This article describes the demographic and behavioral characteristics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing history, and results of HIV testing of transgender (TG) people recruited for rapid HIV testing by community-based organizations (CBOs) in three cities.Methods. CBOs in Miami Beach, Florida, New York City, and San Francisco offered TG people rapid HIV testing and prevention services, and conducted a brief survey. Participants were recruited in outreach settings using various strategies. The survey collected information on demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing history.Results. Among 559 male-to-female (MTF) TG participants, 12% were newly diagnosed with HIV infection. None of the 42 female-to-male participants were newly diagnosed with HIV. A large proportion of MTF TG participants reported high-risk behaviors in the past year, including 37% who reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse and 44% who reported commercial sex work. Several factors were independently associated with increased likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV infection among MTF TG participants, including having a partner of unknown HIV status in the past year; being 20-29 or 40 years of age; having last been tested for HIV more than 12 months ago; and having been recruited at the New York City site.Conclusions. Based on the high proportion of undiagnosed HIV infection among those tested, TG people represent an important community for enhanced HIV testing and prevention efforts. MTF TG people should be encouraged to have an HIV test at least annually or more often if indicated, based upon clinical findings or risk behaviors. Efforts should continue for developing novel strategies to overcome barriers and provide HIV testing and prevention services to TG people.

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Evaluation of a sexual health approach to reducing HIV/STD risk in the transgender community

Cited by 101 publications

References 30 publications

Estimating HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors of Transgender Persons in the United States: A Systematic Review

Estimating HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors of Transgender Persons in the United States: A Systematic Review

Transgender in Africa: Invisible, inaccessible, or ignored?

Rapid HIV Testing in Transgender Communities by Community-Based Organizations in Three Cities

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