Evaluation of a serological <i>Salmonella</i> Mix-ELISA for 
poultry used in a national surveillance programme

Feld, Niels Christian; Ekeroth, Lars; Gradel, Kim Oren; Kabell, Susanne; Madsen, Mogens

doi:10.1017/s0950268899004513

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The work described in the current study has shown that infection within a breeding company can be effectively controlled by application of good hygienic procedures following culling of infected flocks. It is more difficult to prevent introduction of infection, especially as vaccination of layer parent flocks is not used since infection is rare, biosecurity is good and vaccination would remove the ability to use sensitive serological monitoring for breeding flocks (Nicholas & Andrews, 1991;Feld et al, 2000). This study has demonstrated important points about control of infection in large-scale poultry operations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Investigation of the distribution and control ofSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis PT6 in layer breeding and egg production

2003

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Investigations were carried out in a layer breeder hatchery, a layer parent rearing farm, a layer parent farm and in a commercial pullet rearing and cage layer farm where Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) PT6 had become established. PT6 was initially found in focal points in the hatchery, such as hatcher ventilation ducting, tray wash areas and waste areas, but improved disinfection was followed by a rapid disappearance of contamination. Several different phage types of S. Enteritidis were found in the hatchery but most of these proved to be genotypically identical with PT6. Investigations of contaminated layer breeder and rearing sites showed that the terminal disinfection programmes in place were effective in that no carry-over of infection occurred and the organism was rapidly eliminated from the organization. Infection with PT6 originating from chicks was investigated on a commercial pullet rearing farm. After several rounds of treatment with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and competitive exclusion, no Salmonella was found in faeces or cloacal swabs but was present in dust in one of six houses. Sampling carried out after cleaning and disinfection confirmed clearance of the organism from the site, but infection did become established in a commercial laying house receiving the birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Investigation of the distribution and control ofSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis PT6 in layer breeding and egg production

2003

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“…The large amount of work carried out in development and operation of the Danish Salmonella control policy has shown that a pragmatic approach to categorize herds on the basis of Salmonella antibody seroprevalence can be an effective tool for identifying highly infected herds (Mousing et al 1997;van der Wolf et al 2001a), and this approach has been adopted in several other countries worldwide (Ludewig and Fehlhaber 2001) and in other target species (Hoorfar et al 1997;Feld et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the use of pooled serum, pooled muscle tissue fluid (meat juice) and pooled faeces for monitoring pig herds for Salmonella

Davies¹,

Heath

Coxon

et al. 2003

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: Monitoring for Salmonella in slaughter pigs is important to enable targeted control measures to be applied on problem farms and at the abattoir. The aim of this study was to determine whether pooled serum and meat juice could be used to identify finishing pig herds with a high prevalence of infection. Methods and Results: Samples of meat juice, serum, caecal contents, carcase swabs and pooled faeces from pig pens were taken from 20 commercial pig finishing farms and comparisons were made between the results of Salmonella culture, individual ELISA tests on serum and meat juice and pooled samples of serum and meat juice. Salmonella was isolated from samples from 19 of 20 farms. None of the ELISA tests showed a statistically significant correlation with caecal carriage of Salmonella or contamination of carcases. Serum mean optical density (O.D.) from pools of five, 10 or 20 sera showed a significant correlation with the Salmonella status of farm pen faeces. All pooled serum O.D. and sample/positive control ratio results correlated significantly with the results of the conventional individual sample ELISA. There was a statistically significant correlation between the incidence of Salmonella in farm pen pooled faeces and the prevalence of Salmonella in caeca of slaughter pigs. Conclusions: The results show a generally poor correlation between serological and bacteriological results but pooled serum or meat juice samples could be used as a cheaper substitute for serological screening of farms for Salmonella than individual samples. Significance and Impact of the Study: The availability of a cheaper test should allow the costs of Salmonella monitoring of pig farms to be reduced or allow more regular testing to enhance the designation of farm Salmonella risk status.

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“…Immunological detection by serology can also be used to identify indirect evidence of likely exposure to Salmonella by detecting antibodies in serum or egg yolk (Davies et al, 1997;Feld et al, 2000). This increases the sensitivity of detection of those serotypes whose surface antigens are included in the ELISA-based test, normally S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, compared with bacteriology alone, and a combination testing programme has been successfully used in Denmark for many years (Wegener et al, 2003).…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

2014

EFSA Journal

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Salmonella Enteritidis is considered the only pathogen currently posing a major risk of egg-borne diseases in the European Union (EU). The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on the risk to consumers posed by S. Enteritidis was estimated by applying a quantitative model and comparing the actual situation regarding the storage of eggs in the EU with different possible scenarios combined, considering the prolongation of the bestbefore and the sell-by date from 7 to a maximum of 70 days. Extending the sell-by date by one week (from 21 to 28 days), but leaving the best-before date unchanged, is estimated to result in a relative risk of illness of 1.4 and 1.5 for uncooked and lightly cooked egg meals respectively, compared to the current situation. If the best-before date is also extended by one week (from 28 to 35 days), the relative risk would be 1.6 and 1.7. In the worst case scenario considered (sell-by date of 42 days, best before date of 70 days), such figures would be 2.9 and 3.5. It should be noted that the absolute risk is greater for uncooked meals compared to lightly cooked meals. An effective way to minimise any increase in risk during extended storage is to keep the eggs refrigerated both at retail and the household. Regarding egg spoilage, such events strongly depend on the hygienic conditions of egg production and practices of egg handling, including storage times and temperatures. Finally, the impact of the prolongation of storage time on the quality criteria for eggs (3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid) destined for manufacturing of egg products is considered negligible. Specifically, EFSA was asked to assess: (i) the public health risk posed by relevant pathogens and in particular by Salmonella in the consumption and handling of table eggs (Term of Reference, or ToR1), (ii) the public health risk deriving from deterioration (ToR2) and (iii) possible consequences for public health of an extended shelf-life of table eggs for the specific freshness criteria for egg products as laid out in the hygiene package (ToR3). © European Food Safety Authority, 2014 KEY WORDSIn order to answer the first ToR, the BIOHAZ Panel based its conclusions on the results of a quantitative model, aimed at describing the behaviour of Salmonella Enteritidis following vertical transmission, since this serovar is recognised to be the major pathogen related to egg-borne disease because of its ability to contaminate the interior of intact eggs during their formation within the body of an infected hen. The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on other serovars of Salmonella, as well as on other pathogens, is evaluated in a qualitative manner, with no individual serovar other than S. Enteritidis currently posing a major risk of egg-borne salmonellosis in the European Union (EU), although S. Typhimurium has been associated with relatively small outbreaks due to duck eggs. Trans-shell contamination (i.e. secondary contamination) is also discussed, but the impact of a prolongation of the shelf ...

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Evaluation of a serological Salmonella Mix-ELISA for poultry used in a national surveillance programme

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation of the distribution and control ofSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis PT6 in layer breeding and egg production

Investigation of the distribution and control ofSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis PT6 in layer breeding and egg production

Evaluation of the use of pooled serum, pooled muscle tissue fluid (meat juice) and pooled faeces for monitoring pig herds for Salmonella

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

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