Evaluation of a Series of Turnip Mosaic Virus Chimeric Clones Reveals Two Amino Acid Sites Critical for Systemic Infection in Chinese Cabbage

Abstract

Two infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), pKBC-1 and pKBC-8, with differential infectivity in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) were obtained. Both infected Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, inducing similar symptoms, whereas only virus KBC-8 infected Chinese cabbage systemically. To identify the determinants affecting infectivity on Chinese cabbage, chimeric clones were constructed by restriction fragment exchange between the parental clones, and tested on several Chinese cabbage cultivars. Chimeric clones p1N8C and p8N1C demonstrated that the C-terminal portion of the polyprotein determines systemic infection of Chinese cabbage despite only three amino acid differences in this region, in the cylindrical inclusion (CI), viral protein genome-linked (VPg) and coat protein (CP). A second pair of hybrid constructs, pHindIII-1N8C and pHindIII-8N1C, failed to infect cultivars CR Victory and Jinseonnorang systemically, yet pHindIII-1N8C caused hypersensitive response (HR)-like lesions on inoculated leaves of these cultivars, and could systemically infect cultivars CR Chusarang and Jeongsang; this suggests that R genes effective against TuMV may exist in the first two cultivars but not the latter two. Constructs with single amino acid changes in both VPg (K2045E) and CP (Y3095H) failed to infect Chinese cabbage, implying that at least one of these two amino acid substitutions is essential for successful infection on Chinese cabbage. Successful infection by mutant KBC-8-CP-H and delayed infection with mutant HJY1-VPg-E following mutation or reversion suggested that VPg (2045K) is the residue required for infection of Chinese cabbage, and involved in the interaction between VPg and eukaryotic initiation factor eIF(iso)4E, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assay.