Evaluation of a saliva alcohol test stick as a therapeutic adjunct in an alcoholism treatment program.

Pate, Lauren A.; Hamilton, John D.; Park, R S; Strobel, R M

doi:10.15288/jsa.1993.54.520

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similar to blood and urine sampling, the techniques used in measurement of saliva alcohol concentration (SAC) include gas chromatography and enzymatic oxidation of ethanol through alcohol dehydrogenase. SAC tests find most of their applications in testing trauma patients in emergency rooms [61]. In order to perform these tests, a volume of 2 mL of saliva is required, which may be difficult to obtain from patients who are highly intoxicated or have dry mucous membranes.…”

Section: Bodily Fluid Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Ethanol Intoxication Sensing Technologies and Techniques

Paprocki

Qassem

Kyriacou

2022

Sensors

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The field of alcohol intoxication sensing is over 100 years old, spanning the fields of medicine, chemistry, and computer science, aiming to produce the most effective and accurate methods of quantifying intoxication levels. This review presents the development and the current state of alcohol intoxication quantifying devices and techniques, separated into six major categories: estimates, breath alcohol devices, bodily fluid testing, transdermal sensors, mathematical algorithms, and optical techniques. Each of these categories was researched by analyzing their respective performances and drawbacks. We found that the major developments in monitoring ethanol intoxication levels aim at noninvasive transdermal/optical methods for personal monitoring. Many of the “categories” of ethanol intoxication systems overlap with each other with to a varying extent, hence the division of categories is based only on the principal operation of the techniques described in this review. In summary, the gold-standard method for measuring blood ethanol levels is through gas chromatography. Early estimation methods based on mathematical equations are largely popular in forensic fields. Breath alcohol devices are the most common type of alcohol sensors on the market and are generally implemented in law enforcement. Transdermal sensors vary largely in their sensing methodologies, but they mostly follow the principle of electrical sensing or enzymatic reaction rate. Optical devices and methodologies perform well, with some cases outperforming breath alcohol devices in terms of the precision of measurement. Other estimation algorithms consider multimodal approaches and should not be considered alcohol sensing devices, but rather as prospective measurement of the intoxication influence. This review found 38 unique technologies and techniques for measuring alcohol intoxication, which is testament to the acute interest in the innovation of noninvasive technologies for assessing intoxication.

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Section: Bodily Fluid Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Ethanol Intoxication Sensing Technologies and Techniques

Paprocki

Qassem

Kyriacou

2022

Sensors

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“…11 Por lo que respecta a la viabiliad del cribado, la literatura indica que la determinación de alcohol en saliva es fácil, fiable, no invasiva e ideal para aplicar en un servicio de urgencias de traumatología [12][13][14] . A pesar de que muchas publicaciones avalan la concordancia entre los valores de alcohol en saliva y sangre [15][16][17][18][19] , estimada en general en torno a 1:1, a efectos legales la determinación de alcohol en saliva debe corroborarse con una determinación en sangre y no tiene valor en los tribunales, lo cual es una ventaja para los implicados en accidentes y para los servicios sanitarios.…”

Section: Audit>15 ó 4 Puntos En íTems 4-6unclassified

Intervención breve en accidentados con alcoholemia positiva desde un centro de traumatología

et al. 2001

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Objetivos: E1 objetivo principal de la investigación es comprobar la efectividad de la intervención breve para reducir el consumo de alcohol en accidentados de tráfico adultos con alcoholemia positiva y sin dependencia del alcohol. En objetivo de la etapa piloto es comprobar la viabilidad estructural del proyecto (capacitación de los profesionales y viabilidad del cribado e intervención desde un centro de traumatología, así como una estimación aproximada de la prevalencia y perfil de los lesionados de tráfico con presencia de alcohol. Material: Se elabora un programa de formación con material de apoyo. Se aplica un método de detección del alcohol en saliva en lesionados de tráfico que acuden a urgencias de traumatología. A los pacientes con saliva positiva se les ofrece una intervención breve. Se recoge la opinión del personal sobre la eficacia percibida y viabilidad estimada del proyecto gobal (cribado e intervención) mediante cuestionarios de opinión.. Se estudian la prevalencia y perfil de los pacientes con saliva positiva a partir del análisis comparativo de variables seleccionadas. Resultados: El personal entrenado considera (80%) útil y adecuada la formación recibida. Las enfermeras consideran (89%) que el método es fácil, no plantea demasiados problemas (55%) y es bien aceptado por el paciente (53%). El personal entrenado se ha sentido cómodo y eficiente (67%) al realizar la intervención. 261 de 264 pacientes aceptaron el cribado y el 11% tenía alcohol en saliva. Sólo 2 pacientes rechazaron la intervención, que fue practicada en 16 lesionados. Los pacientes con saliva positiva acuden más en fines de semana (p 0,005) y quedan ingresados con mayor frecuencia (p 0,05) que aquéllos con saliva negativa. Conclusión: el programa está bien estructurado, es viable y aceptado por el paciente. El estudio definitivo incluirá la determinación del alcohol en orina, en pacientes con saliva seca, y reforzará el cribado en fines de semana y politraumáticos. Palabras clave: lesionados de tráfico, centro de traumatología, formación, cribado de alcohol, intervención breve. SUMMARY Objectives: Main research objective is to verify the effectiveness of brief intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in non-dependent adults injured in a traffic crash, presenting at the emergency department with a positive saliva alcohol test. The aim of the pilot study is to verify the feasibility of the project (staff training, screening and intervention at a trauma centre) and to roughly estimate the prevalence and profile of alcohol-attributable traffic casualties. Method: Training programme and support material are delivered. Saliva alcohol screening is performed by nurses in patients attending the emergency department because of a traffic crash. Positive patients are offered brief intervention. Staff's opinion on training, esteemed self-efficacy and feasibility of the whole procedure (screening and intervention) is collected by opinion surveys. Prevalence and profile of patients with positive saliva is drawn up by comparative analysis of se...

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