Evaluation of a risk index for predicting short‐term and long‐term outcomes in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the admission risk index (RI) to predict short‐term and long‐term outcomes in a broad population with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using data from the Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. Background The RI was developed as a simple tool to predict risk of death in STEMI patients. The performance in predicting short‐term and long‐term risk of death in Chinese patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention and conservative treatment for STEMI remains unclear. Methods Age, heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were used to calculate RI using (HR×[age/10]2)/SBP. We used the prediction tool to predict mortality over 12 months. Results The C‐index of the admission RI for predicting in‐hospital, 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐months mortality were 0.78, 0.78, 0.78, and 0.77, respectively, compared with 0.75 of the Global Registry in Acute Coronary Events score. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the RI was categorized into quintiles for convenient clinical use, and it revealed a nearly 15‐fold gradient of increasing mortality from 2.29 to 32.5% (p < .0001) while RI >34 had the highest mortality. By categorizing into five different risk groups, the short‐term and long‐term mortality of patients receiving different treatments could be distinguished. Conclusions RI based on three routine variables and easily calculated by any medical practitioner is useful for predicting in‐hospital and long‐term mortality in patients with STEMI at the initial consultation with clinicians.