Evaluation of a recombinant salivary gland protein (thrombostasin) as a vaccine candidate to disrupt blood-feeding by horn flies

Cupp, Mary S.; Cupp, Eddie W.; Navarre, Christine B.; Wisnewski, Nancy; Brandt, Kevin S.; Silver, Gary M.; Zhang, Dunhua; Panangala, Victor S.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.024

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although vaccination of the host against salivary proteins, such as maxadilan of the sand fly, has proven to be protective against infection by Leishmania major, an intracellular parasite carried by the sand fly (Morris et al 2001, Wikel and arcon-Chaidez 2001, Valenzuela et al 2001, effects on the feeding and reproductive capabilities of flies exposed to immunized hosts are just beginning to be studied. Recently, an immunization trial using recombinant horn fly thrombostasin proteins demonstrated reduced blood meal sizes and delayed egg development in flies fed on immunized cattle (Cupp et al 2004b). Vaccine trials against stable flies on rabbit immunized with gut and other tissue derived antigens showed increased mortality and reduced egg viability in flies fed on blood of immunized rabbits (Schlein andLewis 1976, Webster et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (Antigen 5) of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Salivary Gland Stimulates Bovine Immune Responses

Ameri

Wang

Wilkerson

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Entomology

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The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is an economically important pest of livestock. Prior studies demonstrated lymphocyte suppression by crude salivary gland extract (SGE) of the stable fly. A dominant 27 kDa protein identified in the SGE was reported to stimulate immunodominant antibody responses in exposed cattle. The purpose of this study was to determine if this protein, now identified as a homolog of insect proteins named antigen 5 (Ag5), was responsible for the lymphocyte suppression and if naïve calves can mount an immune response to it. Calves raised in the winter months were immunized with recombinant Ag5 (rAg5) expressed in Drosophila S2 cells or with "natural" Ag5 protein isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis of SGE. Control calves were immunized with adjuvant alone. Rising antibody concentrations to rAg5 were detected in two of three calves immunized with rAg5 and one of three calves immunized with natural Ag5. Recall lymphocyte responses to rAg5 were detected at 21 and 28 DPI in calves immunized with rAg5 but not in calves immunized with the natural Ag5 or those exposed to adjuvant alone. Mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocyte responses were not suppressed by rAg5. Further investigation using immunoblotting revealed that rAg5 binds to the Fc and F(ab') 2 portions of bovine IgG, but not to an Fab fragment. These findings suggest that Ag5 of the stable fly salivary gland is not immunosuppressive, but has immunoglobulin binding properties and can invoke specific antibody and memory lymphocyte responses in immunized calves.Keywords bovine lymphocytes; lymphocyte suppression; antibody; stable fly; salivary gland protein The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), is an economically important pest affecting the health of cattle in feedlots (Campbell et al. 1987) and dairies (Stork 1979). The latest estimate for economic loss to the U.S. livestock industry is $428 million/year (Kunz et al. 1991). Within the past decade several investigators have noted the stable fly has extended its pest distribution to range or pastured cattle (Campbell et al. 2001a, Campbell et al. 2001c. Studies indicate that the wasted hay/manure mixture at winter feeding sites of hay in round bales is the main source

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, new strategies and approaches for reducing stable fly populations near cattle are needed. In fact, recent immunization trials with a salivary protein of the horn fly demonstrated reduced blood meal sizes and delayed egg development in flies fed on immunized cattle (Cupp et al 2004a). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (Antigen 5) of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Salivary Gland Stimulates Bovine Immune Responses

Ameri

Wang

Wilkerson

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…There are two sub‐species of Haematobia irritans , H. irritans exigua de Mejiere, the buffalo fly, which is found in Australia, and H. irritans irritans (henceforth cited as H. irritans ), the horn fly, which is now present on almost all continents except Australia and Asia (Romano & Ferrari, 1993; Cupp et al , 2004; Urech et al , 2005). Haematobia irritans was introduced into North America from Europe between 1884 and 1886 (McLintock & Depner, 1954).…”

Section: Biology and Epidemiology Of The Horn Flymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies

Oyarzún

Quiróz

Birkett

2008

Medical Vet Entomology

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. The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most widespread and economically important pests of cattle. Although insecticides have been used for fly control, success has been limited because of the development of insecticide resistance in all countries where the horn fly is found. This problem, along with public pressure for insecticide-free food and the prohibitive cost of developing new classes of compounds, has driven the investigation of alternative control methods that minimize or avoid the use of insecticides. This review provides details of the economic impact of horn flies, existing insecticides used for horn fly control and resistance mechanisms. Current research on new methods of horn fly control based on resistant cattle selection, semiochemicals, biological control and vaccines is also discussed.

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“…The effect of anti-tick vaccines on the reduction of cattle tick infestations and the transmission of some tick-borne pathogens [21-23] and preliminary results obtained in insect vector species [24-32] have provided evidence that protective antigens may be used for development of vaccines with the dual target control of both arthropod infestations and reduction of vector capacity to transmit pathogens that impact human and animal health. Recently, Cupp et al [33] demonstrated that horn flies fed on cattle immunized with the anti-clotting factor thrombostasin, took smaller blood meals and the egg development was delayed. Although other molecules have been proposed as vaccine candidates against horn flies [16,34,35], further research is needed to identify new vaccine candidates for effective control of horn fly infestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most important ectoparasites of pastured cattle. Horn flies infestations reduce cattle weight gain and milk production. Additionally, horn flies are mechanical vectors of different pathogens that cause disease in cattle. The aim of this study was to conduct a functional genomics study in female horn flies using Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) analysis and RNA interference (RNAi).ResultsA cDNA library was made from whole abdominal tissues collected from partially fed adult female horn flies. High quality horn fly ESTs (2,160) were sequenced and assembled into 992 unigenes (178 contigs and 814 singlets) representing molecular functions such as serine proteases, cell metabolism, mitochondrial function, transcription and translation, transport, chromatin structure, vitellogenesis, cytoskeleton, DNA replication, cell response to stress and infection, cell proliferation and cell-cell interactions, intracellular trafficking and secretion, and development. Functional analyses were conducted using RNAi for the first time in horn flies. Gene knockdown by RNAi resulted in higher horn fly mortality (protease inhibitor functional group), reduced oviposition (vitellogenin, ferritin and vATPase groups) or both (immune response and 5'-NUC groups) when compared to controls. Silencing of ubiquitination ESTs did not affect horn fly mortality and ovisposition while gene knockdown in the ferritin and vATPse functional groups reduced mortality when compared to controls.ConclusionsThese results advanced the molecular characterization of this important ectoparasite and suggested candidate protective antigens for the development of vaccines for the control of horn fly infestations.

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Evaluation of a recombinant salivary gland protein (thrombostasin) as a vaccine candidate to disrupt blood-feeding by horn flies

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

An Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (Antigen 5) of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Salivary Gland Stimulates Bovine Immune Responses

An Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (Antigen 5) of the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Salivary Gland Stimulates Bovine Immune Responses

Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies

Functional genomics of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758)

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