Evaluation of a rebound tonometer (Tonovet<sup>®</sup>) in clinically normal cat eyes

Rusanen, Elina; Florin, Marion; Hässig, Michael; Spiess, Bernhard M.

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00752.x

Cited by 92 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There are quite a few studies using applanation tonometry in animals (Priehs et al, 1990;Miller et al, 1990;Miller et al, 1991;Dziezyc et al, 1992;Passaglia et al, 2004;Candia et al, 2010;Gerometta et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2010;Rusanen et al, 2010), but we found no reports on the assessment of the mean IOP in healthy sheep using the applanation tonometer Tonopen XL e . The purpose of this study was to determine the mean IOP in healthy adult sheep using applanation tonometry with Tonopen XL e .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The applanation tonometer has become the most popular instrument used for estimating IOP in many species, and being considered by some researchers as the most accurate and reliable method for estimating IOP in animals (Miller et al 1991;Rusanen et al, 2010). The MacKay-Marg applanation tonometer, which is considered the golden standard in Veterinary Medicine, has no longer been manufactured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tonometer used in this study, Tonopen XL, has the same characteristics as the MacKay-Marg applanation tonometer, which is considered the golden standard in Veterinary Medicine, although it has no longer been manufactured (Rusanen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular pressure measurement in sheep using an applanation tonometer

Pigatto¹,

Pereira

Albuquerque

et al. 2011

Rev. Ceres

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RESUMO Mensuração da pressão intraocular em ovinos, usando tonômetro de aplanaçãoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e estabelecer os valores de pressão intraocular (PIO) média, em ovinos adultos saudáveis, usando a tonometria de aplanação. Foram utilizados no estudo 25 ovinos saudáveis (Ovis aries), da raça Texel, machos ou fêmeas de três anos de idade. Foram realizados exames oftálmicos, incluindo: avaliação dos reflexos pupilares, teste lacrimal de Schirmer, avaliação com lâmpada de fenda e coloração com fluoresceína, em ambos os olhos de todos os animais. Para a realização dos testes oftálmicos, os animais foram contidos pelo mesmo auxiliar, sem pressão na região jugular e as pálpebras foram delicadamente abertas. A PIO foi aferida, utilizando-se o tonômetro de aplanação Tonopen XL, tendo sido todos os exames realizados pelo mesmo examinador. Foram realizadas três avalia- The purpose of this study was to evaluate and establish the mean values of IOP in healthy adult sheep using an applanation tonometer. Information on age, sex, and breed was obtained for all animals included in this study. Twenty five healthy sheep (Ovis aries), of the same breed (Texel), male or female, with three years of age, received an ophthalmic examination in both eyes, including pupillary reflexes, Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fluorescein staining. For all ophthalmic testing, animals were gently physically restrained, with no pressure in the jugular area and the eyelids were carefully open. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry (Tonopen XL). The same examiner performed the tonometry; measurements were taken three times for each eye, and their average was recorded as the IOP of the animal. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. The mean intraocular pressure in the whole group of 50 eyes was of 16.36 +/-2.19 mm Hg. The mean (SD) IOP in the right eye was of 15.96 +/-2.02 mm Hg, while the mean (SD) IOP in the left eye was of 16.76 +/-2.32 mm Hg. Significant differences in IOP were not found between right and left eyes. The applanation tonometer was adequate for measuring the intraocular pressure in sheep. Reference data will assist in diagnosing testing for ophthalmic disease in sheep, as 1 well as promote further studies in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraocular pressure measurement in sheep using an applanation tonometer

Pigatto¹,

Pereira

Albuquerque

et al. 2011

Rev. Ceres

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“…Although applanation tonometry is considered an accurate and reliable method to measure IOP, it cannot be performed in eyes of animals with small corneal diameter (Rusanen et al 2010, Barsotti et al 2013 or it is not confortable, as it was observed with the Amazon parrot. Previous tonometry studies using the Goldmann tonometer have been reported for birds of prey (11-16. mmHg) and parrots (20-25. mmHg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Teste lacrimal deSchirmer modificado e tonometria de rebote em papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva).] O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado (TLSm), a pressão intraocular (PIO) pela tonometria de rebote e o comprimento da fissura palpebral (FP) do papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva). Foram avaliados 35 papagaios adultos e saudáveis, provenientes de um Criadouro Conservacionista do Brasil. Após avaliação clínica e laboratorial, as aves foram fisicamente contidas para aferição, em ambos os olhos, do TLSm, da PIO pela tonometria de rebote e do comprimento da FP utilizando-se um paquímetro digital. Valor médio do TLSm foi 6.2±0.1mm/min e da PIO foi 6.4±0.1 mmHg, enquanto a aferição da FP foi 10.1±0.1mm. Uma correlação moderada foi observada entre TLSm e a FP para olho direito (OD) (ρ=0.14) e olho esquerdo (OE) (ρ=0.20). Os resultados podem servir como valores de referência para testes oftálmi-cos para A. aestiva. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO:Teste lacrimal de Schirmer modificado, tonometria de rebote, papagaio-verdadeiro, Amazona aestiva, aves, produção lacrimal, pressão intraocular, comprimento da fissura palpebral, animais silvestres. INTRODUCTIONThe blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) measures 35-37cm in length and weighs approximately 400 g, reaching sexual maturity of age at five years. Individuals of this species have a predominant green color, yellow head with blue forehead, and black feet and beak (Forshaw 2010). Because of their vocalization skills similar to speech and interaction with humans, it is bred as a pet (Godoy 2007). Birds are considered animals with great visual acuity, which are important factors for breeding, feeding and flight (Hart 2002, Reuter et al. 2011, Williams 2012, Rauscher et al. 2013). The ophthalmic reference values used for the mSTT and rebound tonometry in these animals lack inter-and intraspecies information.Due to the lack of specific data for A. aestiva, we aimed establish normal parameters for modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and palpebral fissure length (PFL). Also, to verify any correlation among mSTT and PFL. Modified Schirmer tear test and rebound tonometry in blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) The aim of this study was to describe the modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), intraocular pressure (IOP) by rebound tonometry and palpebral fissure length (PFL) in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Thirty-five healthy adult animals from a conservation breeding center in Brazil were used in this study. Modified Schirmer tear test, rebound tonometry and PFL measurements were performed in both eyes, with birds under physical restraint. Mean mSTT was 6.2±0.1mm/min and mean IOP was 6.4±0.1mmHg, while PFL was 10.1±0.1mm. A moderate correlation was seen between mSTT and PFL for OD (ρ=0.14) and OS (ρ=0.20). The results provide ophthalmic tests reference values for A. aestiva.

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“…In any case, 95-98% of glaucoma cases observed in cats are of secondary character and originate from factors causing changes in aqueous humor flow dynamics, such as uveitis, tumour, trauma and intraocular haemorrhage [4] . The normal IOP value determined using applanation tonometry in cats is 18.4 (±0.67) mm Hg [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%