Evaluation of a novel liquid embolic agent (precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL)) in an animal endovascular embolization model

Abstract

PHIL is feasible for transarterial embolization in an acute and subacute endovascular embolization model. In this preliminary experimental in vivo study, embolization characteristics, embolization extent, and biocompatibility seem to be similar to those of Onyx.

Single-session Curative Embolization of Unruptured Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation with Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid

“…9 This product has some advantages over Onyx (Medtronic Neurovascular, Irvine, CA, USA). 10 Posterior fossa AVMs should be treated promptly because of the high-rate of rupture compared with supratentorial AVMs. 5 The association with aneurysms occurs in 20% of all AVMs and ranges from 5 to 20%.…”

Endovascular embolization of canine hepatic arteriovenous malformations using precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) liquid embolic agent: a proof of concept study

“…In humans, liquid embolic agents are the preferred treatment for brain AVMs, with N-butyl cyanoacrylate and Onyx being used most frequently. (Vollherbst et al, 2017;Leyon et al, 2017) Onyx has also been successfully used for the treatment of peripheral and hepatic AVMs in dogs, highlighting that liquid embolic agents that are successful in human brain AVMs have similar benefits and outcomes in canine species. (Chanoit et al, 2007;Vollherbst et al, 2017;Culp et al, 2014) New embolic agents have been investigated to improve the efficacy of AVM obliteration, intraprocedural handling and fluoroscopic visibility.…”

“…(Bolus et al, 2014;Chanoit et al, 2007) More recently, the use of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) liquid based embolic agents, Onyx 1 and PHIL (Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid), 2 has shown increasing efficacy and long term occlusion rates in humans and dogs due to superior deliverability and nidal occlusion. (Vollherbst et al, 2017) Here we report the endovascular treatment of two canine HAVMs using the DMSO/EVOH based PHIL liquid embolic agent achieved with a modified version of the "pressure cooker" embolization technique used extensively in neurovascular intervention for cerebral AVMs. (Vollherbst et al, 2017;Chapot et al, 2014) We also describe the use of the Scepter XC DMSO-compatible compliant balloon microcatheter 3 as a novel use in the peripheral circulation rather than the brain circulation for treatment of HAVMs.…”

“…(Vollherbst et al, 2017) Here we report the endovascular treatment of two canine HAVMs using the DMSO/EVOH based PHIL liquid embolic agent achieved with a modified version of the "pressure cooker" embolization technique used extensively in neurovascular intervention for cerebral AVMs. (Vollherbst et al, 2017;Chapot et al, 2014) We also describe the use of the Scepter XC DMSO-compatible compliant balloon microcatheter 3 as a novel use in the peripheral circulation rather than the brain circulation for treatment of HAVMs.…”

Extra-small dual-lumen micro-balloon catheters can improve endovascular embolization: an experimental in vivo and in vitro study

“…State Animal Care and Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Anesthesia, sacrifice (2 hours after intervention), and histopathological investigation were performed as described previously 20. Sections were processed following routine protocols for hematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Giesson staining.…”