Evaluation of a Modified Sphincter Pharyngoplasty in the Treatment of Speech Problems due to Palatal Insufficiency

Efficacy of speech aid prostheses for acquired defects of the soft palate and velopharyngeal inadequacy—clinical assessments and cephalometric analysis: A Memorial Sloan-Kettering Study

“…The diagnosis, staging, and surgical resection areas were included and recorded in such detail as an attempt to compare our speech outcomes with patients in other studies who received microvascular flaps for similar surgeries. Most other studies report that most patients reconstructed with free flaps had tumors ranging from T1 to T3 9–15. Most of this study population had tumors ranging from T3 to T4.…”

“…Several investigations and reports (Table 5), including this study, attempt to relay this information diagrammatically. Many of these reports are difficult to interpret, with limited diagrams to quantify the surgical defects and reconstructive efforts by labeling with fractions or percentages, our study included 9–15. Other reports attempt to quantify the surgical defects and reconstructive efforts by labeling with fractions or percents 10, 11…”

Speech and language characteristics in individuals with nonsyndromic submucous cleft palate—A systematic review

“…Results should also be considered in light of limitations associated with the nonspecific SMCP and nonsyndromic diagnostic criteria of some studies. Further, when determining eligibility, a substantial number of studies were excluded for combining nonsyndromic and syndromic or cleft lip and/or palate and SMCP group outcomes, not allowing for the extraction of data specific to nonsyndromic SMCP (e.g., Ettinger et al, ; Mehendale & Sommerlad, ; Pet et al, ; Rise, ; Roberts & Brown, ; Rogers, Ashland, Rozeboom, & Hartnick, ; Sie, Tampakopoulou, Sorom, Gruss, & Eblen, ; Sommerlad et al, ; Ysunza, Pamplona, & Morales, ). Although this distinction was important to determine the isolated impact of SMCP, it limited the number of studies that could be included.…”

Utilization of 3D MRI for the Evaluation of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty Insertion Site in Patients With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

“…As postsurgical changes occur, the final position of the pharyngoplasty is likely impacted. These external factors may play a role in failure rates associated with low-set pharyngoplasties observed postoperatively (Jackson and Silverton, 1977; Roberts and Brown, 1983; Riski et al, 1992a; Carlisle et al, 2011). Thus, the amount of inferior displacement caused by the mobility of the pharyngoplasty and scar contracture is unknown.…”