Evaluation of a model biofilm for the ranking of biocide performance against sulphate‐reducing bacteria

Whitham, T.S.; Gilbert, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb01590.x

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, the effect of biocides on viruses inside an artificial biofilm has not been published. We used 2 % alginate (an anionic polysaccharide) matrix to simulate bacterial biofilm (Jouenne et al 1994;Coquet et al 1998;Whitham and Gilbert 1993). Unlike Coquet et al (1998), we simply used the alginate matrix without bacterial growth and thereby avoided interference with MNV-1 quantification by the cell culture method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Virucidal Potential of Organic Peroxyacids Against Norovirus on Food-Contact Surfaces

2014

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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four different peroxyacids, namely peracetic (PAA), perpropionic (PPA), perlactic (PLA), and percitric (PCA) for inactivating viruses in suspension or attached to stainless steel or polyvinyl chloride surfaces. The test virus was a proxy for human norovirus, namely murine norovirus 1. Plaque-forming units in suspension (10(7) per mL) were treated with 50-1,000 mg L(-1) peroxyacid (equilibrium mixture of organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacid, and water) for 1-10 min. Inactivation was measured by plaque assay. PAA and PPA were the most effective, with a 5 min treatment at 50 mg L(-1) being sufficient to reduce viral titer by at least 3.0 log10, whether the virus was in suspension or attached to stainless steel or polyvinyl chloride disks under clean or fouled conditions. Combinations of organic acid and hydrogen peroxide were found ineffective. Similar inactivation was observed in the case of virus in artificial biofilm (alginate gel). These short super-oxidizers could be used for safe inactivation of human noroviruses in water or on hard surfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Virucidal Potential of Organic Peroxyacids Against Norovirus on Food-Contact Surfaces

2014

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“…Water treatment with biocides is commonly used as a souring inhibitor but the eVect varies. This may be due to the selection towards biocide-resistant populations [8] and biocide resistance of bioWlm associated SRB [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial analysis of backflowed injection water from a nitrate-treated North Sea oil reservoir

Bødtker

Lysnes²,

Torsvik³

et al. 2009

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

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Reservoir souring in offshore oil fields is caused by hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) produced by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), most often as a consequence of sea water injection. Biocide treatment is commonly used to inhibit SRB, but has now been replaced by nitrate treatment on several North Sea oil fields. At the Statfjord field, injection wells from one nitrate-treated reservoir and one biocide-treated reservoir were reversed (backflowed) and sampled for microbial analysis. The two reservoirs have similar properties and share the same pre-nitrate treatment history. A 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis (PCR-DGGE) combined with enrichment culture studies showed that, after 6 months of nitrate injection (0.25 mM NO(3) (-)), heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) formed major populations in the nitrate-treated reservoir. The NRB community was able to utilize the same substrates as the SRB community. Compared to the biocide-treated reservoir, the microbial community in the nitrate-treated reservoir was more phylogenetically diverse and able to grow on a wider range of substrates. Enrichment culture studies showed that SRB were present in both reservoirs, but the nitrate-treated reservoir had the least diverse SRB community. Isolation and characterisation of one of the dominant populations observed during nitrate treatment (strain STF-07) showed that heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria affiliated to Terasakiella probably contributed significantly to the inhibition of SRB.

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“…The purpose of the work reported in this paper was to perform a preliminary assessment of the extent of transport limitation of three non-oxidizing biocides in an artificial biofilm system. In so doing, the general utility of alginate gel bead artificial biofilm as a flexible and convenient method of biocide screening was further demonstrated (Whitham and Gilbert 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of biocide transport limitation in an artificial biofilm system

Stewart

Grab²,

Diemer³

1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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P .S . S T EW AR T , L . G R AB AN D J.A. D IE ME R . 1998. An alginate gel bead artificial biofilm system was used to assay biofilm susceptibility to four biocides and to analyse the extent to which each agent penetrated the biofilm. Chlorine, glutaraldehyde, an isothiazolone, and a quaternary ammonium compound were tested on alginate-entrapped Enterobacter aerogenes in gel beads ranging from 1·8 to 6 mm in diameter. Gel-entrapped bacteria were less susceptible to all four antimicrobial agents than were planktonic micro-organisms. The degree of kill measured in artificial biofilm gel beads depended on the size of the gel bead and the cell density at which it was loaded. Disinfection efficacy decreased as gel bead radius or cell density increased. The manifest dependence of biofilm disinfection efficacy on the physical properties of the artificial biofilm (radius and cell density) suggests the impingement of transport limitation of biocide transport into the biofilm. A previously developed theory of biocide reaction and diffusion in biofilm was tested by calculating an appropriate Thiele modulus. In accordance with the theory, the efficacy of all four biocides decreased, albeit noisily, as the Thiele modulus exceeded 1. This result demonstrates that transport limitation can impact antimicrobial performance against biofilms not only of oxidizing biocides but also of nonoxidizing agents.

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Evaluation of a model biofilm for the ranking of biocide performance against sulphate‐reducing bacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Study of the Virucidal Potential of Organic Peroxyacids Against Norovirus on Food-Contact Surfaces

Study of the Virucidal Potential of Organic Peroxyacids Against Norovirus on Food-Contact Surfaces

Microbial analysis of backflowed injection water from a nitrate-treated North Sea oil reservoir

Analysis of biocide transport limitation in an artificial biofilm system

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