“…Faced with massive, extensive, and fragmented online learning resources, college students are prone to knowledge maze. Therefore, effective access to learning resources has become the key competence of learners’ empowerment to enhance university students’ self-reinforcement in online learning, as digital competences are highlighted as a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes (thus including abilities, strategies, values, and awareness) that are required when using ICT and digital media to perform tasks; solve problems; communicate; manage information; collaborate; create and share content; and build knowledge effectively, efficiently, appropriately, critically, creatively, autonomously, flexibly, ethically, reflectively for work, leisure, participation, learning, socializing, consuming, and empowerment ( Avila et al, 2020 ).…”