Evaluation of a Gasoline Particulate Filter to Reduce Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle

Chan, Tak Wai; Meloche, E.; Kubsh, Joseph E.; Rosenblatt, Deborah; Brezny, Rasto; Rideout, Greg

doi:10.4271/2012-01-1727

Cited by 96 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been extensively used in modern diesel engine, which traps many engine-out soot particles (Johnson and Joshi, 2017;Johnson, 2009). Gasoline particulate filter (GPF) (Chan et al, 2012;Fischer et al, 2017) is being considered as a very important solution for PM emission of gasoline direct-injection engines. To maintain the performance of DPFs and GPFs (such as pressure drop), periodic regeneration is necessary to remove the soot loading inside the filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

2019

Journal of Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied engine-out soot samples collected from a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine and a port-fuel injection gasoline spark-ignition engine. The two types of soot samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy with different laser power. A Matlab program using least-square-method with trust-region-reflective algorithm was developed for curve fitting. We used a DOE (design of experiments) method to avoid local convergence. This method was used for two-band fitting and three-band fitting. The fitting results were used to determine the intensity ratio of D and G Raman bands. We find that high laser power may cause oxidation of soot samples, which gives higher D/G intensity ratio. Diesel soot has consistently higher amorphous/graphitic carbon ratio and thus higher oxidation reactivity, in comparison to gasoline soot, which is revealed by the higher D/G intensity ratio in Raman spectra measured under the same laser power. Keywords:Raman spectroscopy diesel engine gasoline engine soot emission particulate matter ---

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

2019

Journal of Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, GDI engines were also observed to have higher PM emissions compared to PFI engines due to possible fuel impingement on the piston and cylinder walls, incomplete fuel evaporation, and the inhomogeneity of air fuel mixture [6][7][8]. PM emission mitigation options for GDI engines do exist, which include engine optimization (e.g., adjusting fuel injection timing and volume, number of fuel injections, fuel injection pressure, injector placement) [9,10], changing fuel property and composition (e.g., controlling heavy aromatic hydrocarbons, increasing oxygenates in fuel) [11][12][13][14][15], and the use of emission control devices (e.g., gasoline particulate filter (GPF)) [8,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the small particles could be captured by rapid diffusion, fragmentation of aggregates with the more penetrating sizes could pass through the substrate pores when the soot layer is removed according to the filtration theory. Oxidation continues to occur on the aggregates that pass through the substrate pores, and the less reactive part surviving the process eventually contributes to the particle emissions downstream of the filter [23,29], explaining the reduction of particle filtration efficiency for soot particles during and right after filter regeneration [17,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Real-Time Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle Equipped with a Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter During Filter Regeneration

Chan

Saffaripour

Liu

et al. 2016

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Real-time solid particle number (PN), size distributions, black carbon (BC), and particulate matter (PM) mass measurements were obtained from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle with and without a catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF) over the US Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75) and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06) drive cycles. The organic and elemental carbon fractions of the carbonaceous PM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images for the exhaust particles were examined. Particles emitted from the GDI vehicle over various moderate driving conditions have similar morphology, size, and composition. These accumulation mode particles have diameters of 50 to 90 nm, have comparable fractal structures to diesel particles, and contain mostly BC with little organic materials. Under aggressive driving conditions, many nanoparticles (<20 nm in diameter) are emitted with the accumulation mode particles. Over the FTP-75 driving conditions, the optimized GPF reaches particle filtration efficiency of over 90 % from clean condition rapidly and filtration efficiency remains unchanged as filter regeneration was not observed. Over the US06 driving condition, filter regeneration was triggered by the high exhaust temperature during which many nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 30 nm are formed downstream of the GPF. TEM image analysis suggests that BC particles collected during the filter regeneration contain a layer of semi-volatile materials on the aggregate surface while the nanoparticles were semi-volatile in nature. During filter regeneration, moderate filtration of the accumulation mode BC particles was still observed.

show abstract

“…The filter may be used with or without a catalytic washcoat, and when applied to gasoline vehicles is called gasoline particle filter (GPF). In a relatively clean exhaust condition on GDI relative to diesel, a typical GPF with a small amount of soot and/or ash on the filter can offer filtration efficiencies on the order of 70-80% [1] because most likely there will not be a soot cake present that would yield filtration efficiencies of 99+% like on a diesel vehicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline Particle Filter Development

Lambert

Chanko

Dobson

et al. 2017

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gasoline particle filter (GPF) development includes optimization of multiple, competing targets: low backpressure, high clean filtration, acceptable strength, high oxygen storage capacity, small size, and low cost. A three-way catalyst + GPF system needs to meet targets for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in addition to particle mass and/or particle number. GPFs behave differently than diesel particle filters (DPFs) in terms of regeneration and ash loading behavior due to vastly different operating conditions. In a relatively clean exhaust condition on GDI relative to diesel, an empty GPF can have filtration efficiencies on the order of 60%. This was improved to 80-90% with a small amount of soot and/or ash on the filter walls, or higher catalyst washcoat loading. In the course of this work, models were developed to predict backpressure, filtration, and chemical performance.

show abstract

Evaluation of a Gasoline Particulate Filter to Reduce Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle

Cited by 96 publications

References 25 publications

Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

Characterization of Real-Time Particle Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle Equipped with a Catalyzed Gasoline Particulate Filter During Filter Regeneration

Gasoline Particle Filter Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About