Evaluation of a cup scrub technique for quantification of the microbial flora on bovine skin

Lloyd, D.H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1984.tb04700.x

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…and Corynebacterium spp. (Lloyd, 1984;White et al, 1989). More comprehensive studies by Woodward et al (1988) and Cullen & Hebert (1967) also reported the less frequent isolation of Acinetobacter spp., Aerococcus spp., Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of bacterial populations recovered from the teat canals of lactating dairy and beef cattle by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Gill

Sabour

Gong

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Bovine mastitis is of major concern to the dairy industry worldwide. The bovine teat canal is the primary route through which pathogens enter the mammary gland. The microflora of the teat canals of dairy and beef cattle was investigated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The goal was to examine the global difference between dairy cattle, which are sanitized on a regular basis, and beef cattle, which receive little sanitary management. A diverse population of 16S rRNA gene sequences was recovered from both the dairy and the beef herd samples, with diversity higher in the beef sample. Analysis revealed the presence of 90 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among 156 sequences, with 45 OTUs in the dairy sample and 53 OTUs in the beef sample. Only eight OTUs were common to both samples. Members of the classes Clostridia and Bacilli dominated both samples, followed by Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The dairy sample contained a cluster (20/80 clones) of Staphylococcaceae members, seven of which were identifiable as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. The beef sample was dominated by members of the genus Clostridia, many of which have not been previously cultured. The results suggest that the microorganisms present in the bovine teat canal are more diverse than previously described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of bacterial populations recovered from the teat canals of lactating dairy and beef cattle by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Gill

Sabour

Gong

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Glove-based sampling is preferred when characterization of the resident population is desired, while swab-based sampling may be appropriate for some studies aimed at assessing only a portion of the hand surface area when transient bacterial populations are the focus of the study. The cup scrub sampling technique (42) could be explored in future studies, as it may be a more direct comparison to swabbing, as it can also be done on smaller areas of the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome

Zapka

Leff

Henley

et al. 2017

mBio

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Hands play a critical role in the transmission of microbiota on one’s own body, between individuals, and on environmental surfaces. Effectively measuring the composition of the hand microbiome is important to hand hygiene science, which has implications for human health. Hand hygiene products are evaluated using standard culture-based methods, but standard test methods for culture-independent microbiome characterization are lacking. We sampled the hands of 50 participants using swab-based and glove-based methods prior to and following four hand hygiene treatments (using a nonantimicrobial hand wash, alcohol-based hand sanitizer [ABHS], a 70% ethanol solution, or tap water). We compared results among culture plate counts, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted directly from hands, and sequencing of DNA extracted from culture plates. Glove-based sampling yielded higher numbers of unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) but had less diversity in bacterial community composition than swab-based sampling. We detected treatment-induced changes in diversity only by using swab-based samples (P < 0.001); we were unable to detect changes with glove-based samples. Bacterial cell counts significantly decreased with use of the ABHS (P < 0.05) and ethanol control (P < 0.05). Skin hydration at baseline correlated with bacterial abundances, bacterial community composition, pH, and redness across subjects. The importance of the method choice was substantial. These findings are important to ensure improvement of hand hygiene industry methods and for future hand microbiome studies. On the basis of our results and previously published studies, we propose recommendations for best practices in hand microbiome research.

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“…The majority of published research pertaining to apocrine secretion and its major components has utilized pure apocrine secretion collected via epinephrine‐induced secretion [12]. The cup‐scrub skin sampling method has been utilized for the collection of bacteria from skin and to document the deposition of personal care products on skin [16, 17]. Hence, presented here is a well‐accepted, non‐invasive skin sampling method that can be used to detect and quantify epidermally secreted apocrine proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of apocrine secreted odor‐binding protein on intact human axillary skin

Jacoby

Brahms

Ansari

et al. 2004

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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A proposed mechanism of axillary malodor formation is bacterial interaction with secreted odor carrier proteins leading to the release of volatile odor molecules. One primary volatile odor molecule, 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid, is secreted into the apocrine glandular lumen bound to two carrier proteins known as apocrine secretion odor-binding proteins (ASOB1 and ASOB2). The objective of this study was to develop a biologic method to detect and quantify ASOB2 in vitro and on intact axillary skin. The proteins present in pure apocrine secretion were separated via SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), electro-blotted, and reacted with antibodies to detect ASOB2. The results of this study demonstrate that ASOB2 shares immunologically homologous epitopes with the human serum protein, apolipoprotein-D (apo-D). Axillary secretions and baseline microflora were collected from two groups of panelists 6 h after showering with a non-antibacterial soap. The extracts were fractionated by SDS-PAGE. ASOB2 was detected selectively by Western blot using a monoclonal mouse-antihuman apo-D antibody and quantified on human axillary skin using the presented methods. Axillary ASOB2 concentration varied among individuals (<0.1-4.1 microg cm(-2)) with significant differences (P < 0.05, anova) seen between those of Chinese descent and non-Chinese descent. Panelists of Chinese ancestry did not show significantly lower baseline microflora levels when compared to non-Chinese panelists.

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Evaluation of a cup scrub technique for quantification of the microbial flora on bovine skin

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of bacterial populations recovered from the teat canals of lactating dairy and beef cattle by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Characterization of bacterial populations recovered from the teat canals of lactating dairy and beef cattle by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

Comparison of Standard Culture-Based Method to Culture-Independent Method for Evaluation of Hygiene Effects on the Hand Microbiome

Detection and quantification of apocrine secreted odor‐binding protein on intact human axillary skin

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