“…Various radiographic indices calculated on plain X-rays [standing AP pelvis, elongated-neck lateral view (Dunn lateral radiograph), and false profile], such as Tonnis OA grade, coronal CE angle, Tonnis angle, and variables derived from the three-dimensional CT scan (alpha-angle, beta-angle, McKibbon indices, acetabular version, coronal and sagittal CE angle, neck-shaft angle, and femoral version), which better delineates the bone anatomy, can facilitate the mechanical diagnosis, and specifically whether there is a structurally normal, undercovered, or overcovered hip (Figs. 1, 8, and 9) Computer navigation surgical planning software can be used to confirm and model osseous impingements [12,36]. These resultant mechanical stresses lead to reactive hip pain related to insufficient congruency or impingement between the head and socket, leading to asymmetric wear of the chondral surfaces of the acetabulum and femoral head with or without associated instability of the hip.…”