Evaluation of a composite method for counting helminth eggs in cattle faeces

Ward, Martin; Lyndal-Murphy, M.; Baldock, F. C.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00060-5

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For that reason the real number of eggs in faeces could not be properly assessed (Ward et al 1997, Ojeda-Robertos et al 2007, Pereckiene et al 2007, Daş et al 2011. Therefore, samples were enriched with a known number of parasite eggs in the present study to obtain results as reliable as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth mentioning that most papers on McMaster method and its modifications were based on examinations carried out with faeces of animals naturally or experimentally infected, in which real numbers of parasite eggs in samples were not known (Ward et al 1997, Ojeda-Robertos et al 2007, Pereckiene et al 2007, Daş et al 2011. Most authors confined their analysis only to comparison of different methods without estimation of the real accuracy and precision of detection of parasitic developmental stages (Rossangio and Gruner 1991, Turkson and Ahafia 1994, Levecke et al 2009.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the accuracy and precision of the McMaster method in detection of the eggs of Toxocara and Trichuris species (Nematoda) in dog faeces

Kochanowski¹,

Dąbrowska²,

Karamon³

et al. 2013

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of McMaster method with Raynaud's modification in the detection of the eggs of the nematodes Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard, 1795) in faeces of dogs. Four variants of McMaster method were used for counting: in one grid, two grids, the whole McMaster chamber and flotation in the tube. one hundred sixty samples were prepared from dog faeces (20 repetitions for each egg quantity) containing 15, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 eggs of T. canis and T. ovis in 1 g of faeces. To compare the influence of kind of faeces on the results, samples of dog faeces were enriched at the same levels with the eggs of another nematode, Ascaris suum goeze, 1782. in addition, 160 samples of pig faeces were prepared and enriched only with A. suum eggs in the same way. the highest limit of detection (the lowest level of eggs that were detected in at least 50% of repetitions) in all McMaster chamber variants were obtained for T. canis eggs (25-250 eggs/g faeces). In the variant with flotation in the tube, the highest limit of detection was obtained for T. ovis eggs (100 eggs/g). The best results of the limit of detection, sensitivity and the lowest coefficients of variation were obtained with the use of the whole McMaster chamber variant. There was no significant impact of properties of faeces on the obtained results. Multiplication factors for the whole chamber were calculated on the basis of the transformed equation of the regression line, illustrating the relationship between the number of detected eggs and that of the eggs added to the sample. Multiplication factors calculated for T. canis and T. ovis eggs were higher than those expected using McMaster method with Raynaud modification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the accuracy and precision of the McMaster method in detection of the eggs of Toxocara and Trichuris species (Nematoda) in dog faeces

Kochanowski¹,

Dąbrowska²,

Karamon³

et al. 2013

FOLIA PARASIT

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“…A modified McMaster egg-counting method (Raynaud 1970, Thienpont et al 1986, Ward et al 1997) was used to estimate endoparasite load from fresh fecal samples: dung pats were sampled on the ground (30 separate dung pats per herd) within two hours of deposition; samples were stored at 2-4ЊC for 12-48 h after collection; subsamples were mixed with a dense liquid (MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O) for flotation of endoparasite eggs; 70 mL of this mixture was placed on a McMaster slide and all eggs were counted under a microscope. The 30 samples per herd were divided by means of random allocation into six groups and each was mixed separately to make six composite samples per herd, which dampened individual variability and maximized herd coverage per unit sampling effort (Ward et al 1997).…”

Section: Endoparasite Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 30 samples per herd were divided by means of random allocation into six groups and each was mixed separately to make six composite samples per herd, which dampened individual variability and maximized herd coverage per unit sampling effort (Ward et al 1997). The largest dung pats (Ͼ25 cm in diameter) were sampled to include as many adults as possible.…”

Section: Endoparasite Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Implications of Bovine Tuberculosis in African Buffalo Herds

Caron

Cross

Toit

2003

Ecological Applications

110

113

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Abstract. Following the recent invasion of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) into the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we conducted a study on the maintenance host, African buffalo, to investigate associations between BTB prevalence and calf:cow ratio, age structure, body condition, and endoparasite load. Statistical analyses compared herds of zero, medium (1-40%), and high (Ͼ40%) BTB prevalence. To control for ecological variation across the park we collected data in northern, central, and southern regions and restricted some analyses to particular regions of the park. Body condition declined over the course of the 2001 dry season, and buffaloes in the southern region of the park, with the highest BTB prevalence, were in worse condition than buffaloes in the northern region (which receives less annual rainfall but is still virtually BTB-free). Herd-level analyses of the entire park, the south and central regions, and just the southern region all indicated that herds of higher BTB prevalence were in worse condition and lost condition faster through the dry season than herds of lower BTB prevalence. Fecal endoparasite egg counts increased during the dry season and were associated with both decreased body condition and increased BTB prevalence. Although we did not detect any obvious effect of BTB on the age structure of the buffalo population, our findings indicate early symptoms of wider scale BTB-related ecological disturbances: buffalo herds with high BTB prevalence appear more vulnerable to drought (because of a decrease in body condition and an increase in endoparasite load), and because lions selectively kill weak buffaloes their prey base is accumulating a disproportionately high prevalence of BTB, to which lions are susceptible.

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“…Both the high number of eggs and the tendency of these parasite eggs to cluster in solution renders egg counts using traditional methods such as McMaster's inaccurate (e.g. Ward et al 1997). Instead, each parasite was teased apart in 2 ml of distilled water within an adapted microscope slide, with a 2 mm high rim surrounding a 15 mm 2 central arena.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of introduced hosts on parasite transmission: opisthorchiid infections in American mink (Neovison vison)

2014

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Introduced animals may be considered at an advantage over native competitors because they have escaped natural parasites. In some cases however, generalist parasites in a novel environment can use introduced species as an alternative or reservoir host. This can change the dynamics of parasite populations, with implications for epidemiology. The key factor determining the impact of an alternative host is its ability to maintain a reproductively successful parasite and contribute to the transmission potential of that parasite. The digenean Pseudamphistomum truncatum is found in native otters Lutra lutra in Britain and has been reported in introduced American mink Neovison vison. To investigate whether introduced mink are competent hosts and to ask how mink compare with otters as hosts, we compared parasite prevalence, intensity and fecundity between the two host species in a region where both are common. Although prevalence was not statistically different between otters and mink (48 %, n = 27, compared to 33 %, n = 21 respectively), mean parasite intensity was higher in mink (253 ± 145 standard error parasites/infected host, compared to 46 ± 18 in otters). Parasite fecundity was lower in mink (mean egg count/parasite/ host = 622 ± 64) than in otters (1,204 ± 108), and this difference was not confounded by host or parasite size or by intraspecific competition among parasites. Assuming the parasite eggs are equally viable from otters or mink, mink are not only a competent host for P. truncatum, but because of the higher parasite intensity in mink, they can potentially spread c.3 times as many parasite eggs to intermediate hosts, than otters. The naturalisation of mink to new habitats may therefore contribute to trematode infections in native fauna.

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Evaluation of a composite method for counting helminth eggs in cattle faeces

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Analysis of the accuracy and precision of the McMaster method in detection of the eggs of Toxocara and Trichuris species (Nematoda) in dog faeces

Analysis of the accuracy and precision of the McMaster method in detection of the eggs of Toxocara and Trichuris species (Nematoda) in dog faeces

Ecological Implications of Bovine Tuberculosis in African Buffalo Herds

The impact of introduced hosts on parasite transmission: opisthorchiid infections in American mink (Neovison vison)

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