Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Davoudi-Kiakalayeh, Ali; Mohammadi, Reza; Yousefzade-Chabok, Shahrokh; Jansson, Bjarne

doi:10.26719/2013.19.7.629

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Of the prevention strategy studies, relatively few (n = 10, 11.36%) involved evaluation. Hatfield et al [ 51 ] and Houser et al [ 52 ] both evaluated rip current information campaigns, Davoudi-Kiakalayeh [ 53 ] and Moran [ 54 ] evaluated multi-year safety programs with several different components, and Wilks et al [ 55 ] and Barcala-Fuerlos et al [ 56 ] both evaluated beach safety education programs for children. Matthews et al [ 57 ] tested the effect of different variations of beach signage, Warton et al [ 58 ] conducted a global survey exploring the effect of a reality-based television show ( Bondi Rescue) on beach safety attitudes and knowledge, and McCarroll et al [ 32 ] and Van Leeuwen et al [ 59 ] conducted human trial experiments to determine which rip current escape method was most effective and thus worthy of promotion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

et al. 2021

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Objective Coastal drowning is a global public health problem which requires evidence to support safety initiatives. The growing multidisciplinary body of coastal drowning research and associated prevention countermeasures is diverse and has not been characterised as a whole. The objective of this scoping review was to identify key concepts, findings, evidence and research gaps in the coastal drowning literature to guide future research and inform prevention activities. Methods We conducted a scoping review to identify peer reviewed studies published before May 2020 reporting either (i) fatal unintentional coastal drowning statistics from non-boating, -disaster or -occupational aetiologies; (ii) risk factors for unintentional fatal coastal drowning; or (iii) coastal drowning prevention strategies. Systematic searches were conducted in six databases, two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and one author extracted data using a standardised data charting form developed by the study team. Results Of the 146 included studies, the majority (76.7%) were from high income countries, 87 (59.6%) reported coastal drowning deaths, 61 (41.8%) reported risk factors, and 88 (60.3%) reported prevention strategies. Populations, data sources and coastal water site terminology in the studies varied widely; as did reported risk factors, which most frequently related to demographics such as gender and age. Prevention strategies were commonly based on survey data or expert opinion and primarily focused on education, lifeguards and signage. Few studies (n = 10) evaluated coastal drowning prevention strategies. Discussion Coastal drowning is an expansive, multidisciplinary field that demands cross-sector collaborative research. Gaps to be addressed in coastal safety research include the lack of research from lower resourced settings, unclear and inconsistent terminology and reporting, and the lack of evaluation for prevention strategies. Advancing coastal drowning science will result in a stronger evidence base from which to design and implement effective countermeasures that ultimately save lives and keep people safe.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

et al. 2021

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“…The finding from this study was consistent with the decline in the rate of drowning observed in high-income countries ( 17 , 18 ). In our study, the comparison between dome-shaped pattern in the Caspian Sea beaches ( 19 ) -where the majority of drowning took place during the warmer months-and dome- shaped pattern in the rural setting -where the majority of drowning took place in rainy season when waters level in river and lake are high- showed that the drowning rate was not related to the climate. This situation was not comparable with previous studies ( 20 - 22 ) describing that the increase or decrease in the number of deaths was related to the seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

2012

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BackgroundDrowning is a serious but neglected health problem in low-and middle-income countries.ObjectivesTo describe the effectiveness of drowning prevention program on the reduction of drowning mortality rates in rural settings at the north of Iran, and guide its replication elsewhere.Patients and MethodsThis interventional design included pre- and post-intervention observations in the rural area of the Caspian Sea coastline without a comparison community. Cross-sectional data were collected at pre- and post-intervention phases. Outcome evaluation was based on a four-year period (March 2005-March 2009) utilizing drowning registry data for the north of Iran.ResultsThe implementation program increased the rate of membership in an organization responsible for promoting safety in high risk areas near the Caspian Sea. Compared to a WHO standardized population, drowning incidence in rural areas of the study demonstrated a continuous decrease in age-specific drowning rate among the oldest victims with a gradual decline during the implementation. In the study area, the epidemiological aspects of the study population were exposed and contributing factors were highlighted.ConclusionsThis study showed that the promotion of passive interventions had a greater effect on drowning rate than that of active interventions.

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“…The majority of these studies found an increase in knowledge of the prevention of drowning. Most studies found a reduction in the incidence of non-fatal and fatal drowning [58,67,92]. One study did not find a significant decrease in injury rates (11.1% to 11.0%), but did find a positive increase in knowledge following a community awareness program and education materials [59].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced incidence of fatal drowning [58] Addition of barriers to unsafe water areas Decreased incidence rate of non-fatal drowning [67] Community Awareness (Encouragement)…”

Section: Elimination Of Water Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability among children. Numerous injury prevention strategies have been successful in high-income countries, but the majority of unintentional injuries happen to children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This project aims to delineate the childhood injury prevention initiatives in LMICs. For inclusion, peer-reviewed articles needed to address unintentional injury, include children <18, assess a prevention-related intervention, contain a control group, and be published after 1988. Two pairs of reviewers evaluated articles independently to determine study eligibility. 74 articles were included. 30 studies addressed road traffic injuries, 11 drowning, 8 burns, 3 falls, 8 poisonings, and 21 an unspecified injury type. The findings show positive effects on injury outcome measures following educational interventions, the need for longer follow-up periods after the intervention, the need for effectiveness trials for behavior change, and the need for an increase in injury prevention services in LMICs. This is the first systematic review to summarize the prevention initiatives for all types of childhood unintentional injuries in LMICs. Increased attention and funding are required to go beyond educational initiatives with self-reported measures and little follow-up time to robust interventions that will reduce the global burden of unintentional injuries among children.

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Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies

Prevention of Drowning by Community-Based Intervention: Implications for Low- and Middle- Income Countries

Prevention of childhood unintentional injuries in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

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