Evaluation of a CMAQ simulation at high resolution over the UK for the calendar year 2003

Chemel, Charles; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.; Yu, Ye; Hayman, Garry; Vincent, Keith; Dore, Anthony J.; Tang, Y. Sim; Prain, H D; Fisher, B.E.A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.029

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…4b). Underestimation of measured nitrate wet deposition by models has also been reported by other authors (Dore et al, 2007;Chemel et al, 2010). The more complex chemical reactions associated with the formation of nitrate aerosol may mean that wet deposition of this chemical species is more difficult to simulate accurately than wet deposition of ammonium.…”

Section: Comparison Between Modeled and Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Simulation of nitrogen deposition in the North China Plain by the FRAME model

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Simulation of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the North China Plain (NCP) at high resolution, 5 × 5 km 2 , was conducted for the first time by the Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange (FRAME) model. The total N deposition budget was 1481 Gg in this region, with 77 % from reduced N and 23 % from oxidized N, and the annual deposition rate (47 kg N ha −1 ) was much higher than previously reported values for other parts of the world such as the UK (13 kg N ha −1 ), Poland (7.3 kg N ha −1 ) and EU27 (8.6 kg N ha −1 ). The exported N component (1981 Gg) was much higher than the imported N component (584 Gg), suggesting that the NCP is an important net emission source of N pollutants. Contributions of N deposition budgets from the seven provinces in this region were proportional to their area ratios. The calculated spatial distributions of N deposition displayed high rates of reduced N deposition in the south and of oxidized N deposition in the eastern part. The N deposition exceeded an upper limit of 30 kg N ha −1 for natural ecosystems over more than 90 % of the region, resulting in terrestrial ecosystem deterioration, impaired air quality and coastal eutrophication not only in the NCP itself but also in surrounding areas including the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.

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Section: Comparison Between Modeled and Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Simulation of nitrogen deposition in the North China Plain by the FRAME model

et al. 2011

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“…Baker and Scheff, 2007;Tesche et al, 2006;Gaydos et al, 2007;Mathur et al, 2008) using large scale measurement networks for their evaluation. There have been various modelling studies in Europe including comparisons with measured speciated aerosol such as Lazaridis et al (2005), Beekmann et al (2007), Chemel et al (2010), Renner and Wolke (2010), Lonati et al (2010), Andreani-Aksoyoglu et al (2011), Schaap et al (2011), Basart et al (2012) and Pay et al (2011). The modelling performance reported depends on component, season and location but the majority of these studies have reported an underestimation of observed concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and simulation of speciated PM2.5 in south-west Europe

Milford

Castell

Marrero

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

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A detailed PM 2.5 chemical composition measurement dataset is presented. CAMx with high spatial and temporal resolution is evaluated against speciated PM 2.5 . Results show important role of non-ammonium nitrate and sulphate in southern Europe. Black Carbon is measured and simulated with hourly resolution at two sites. Scenarios of pollution events influencing air quality in this region are identified. a r t i c l e i n f o Chemically speciated concentrations of PM 2.5 (sulphate, ammonium, nitrate, elemental and organic carbon) were simulated in south-west Europe using the three-dimensional air quality model CAMx driven by the MM5 meteorological model. The inner domain covered the south-west region of Spain with a high spatial (2 km Â 2 km) and temporal resolution (1 h). The simulation results were evaluated against experimental data obtained in four intensive field campaigns performed in 2008 and 2009 at urban and rural sites. PM 2.5 measurements of secondary inorganic compounds and carbonaceous aerosol plus a suite of major and trace elements were determined. High time resolution (10 min) measurements of Black Carbon (BC) were also conducted. The model captured the variability in the ammonium concentrations in both summer and winter periods, although it tended to underestimate the magnitude of concentrations, while for sulphate the performance was better during the summer periods. Particulate ammonium nitrate was only simulated in significant concentrations in the wintertime campaign. This was found to be consistent with the measured composition of PM 2.5 where most of nitrate (79e94%) and a significant fraction of sulphate (24e37%) were estimated to be present as non-ammonium salts. These non-ammonium nitrate salts were attributed to the formation of NaNO 3 . The model PM 2.5 primary elemental carbon simulations, evaluated with hourly resolution, captured the diurnal and seasonal variability of PM 2.5 BC concentrations at the urban site while poorer performance was observed at the rural site. A large underestimation was observed for simulated PM 2.5 organic carbon concentrations during all campaigns. Scenarios of pollution events linked to emissions from south-west Spain, shipping and contributions from more distant emission sources such as Portugal were identified. These results highlight how the distinct features of PM 2.5 composition in southern Europe regions, such as the large contribution of non-ammonium salts, need to be taken into account both in model evaluation and in future implementation of aerosol modelling systems.

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“…Eulerian models, i.e. EMEP Vieno et al, 2010a) and CMAQ (Chemel et al, 2010) have more complex microphysical schemes for formation of rain and cloud but do not explicitly include a parameterisation of the seederfeeder effect. The representation of land cover and deposition to different vegetation types may vary between models and their applications.…”

Section: A J Dore Et Al: the Influence Of Model Grid Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will therefore result in greater uncertainty in precipitation and therefore nitrogen deposition in the high rainfall regions, which also contain sensitive ecosystems. More complex Eulerian models (Vieno et al, 2010a;Chemel et al, 2010) dynamically generate precipitation with a meteorological model. However, modelled estimates of precipitation are known to be subject to considerable uncertainty.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…continental) simulation with a coarse grid spacing to a regional scale (typically national) with finer grid spacing (i.e. Chemel et al, 2010;Vieno et al, 2010a). The OPS model represents a combination of a Gaussian plume model for local-scale application and a trajectory model for long-range transport operating on grid scales of 5 km and 500 m (Van Pul et al, 2004).…”

Section: A J Dore Et Al: the Influence Of Model Grid Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of model grid resolution on estimation of national scale nitrogen deposition and exceedance of critical loads

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutantExchange model (FRAME) was applied to model the spatial distribution of reactive nitrogen deposition and air concentration over the United Kingdom at a 1 km spatial resolution. The modelled deposition and concentration data were gridded at resolutions of 1 km, 5 km and 50 km to test the sensitivity of calculations of the exceedance of critical loads for nitrogen deposition to the deposition data resolution. The modelled concentrations of NO 2 were validated by comparison with measurements from the rural sites in the national monitoring network and were found to achieve better agreement with the high resolution 1 km data.High resolution plots were found to represent a more physically realistic distribution of reactive nitrogen air concentrations and deposition resulting from use of 1 km resolution precipitation and emissions data as compared to 5 km resolution data. Summary statistics for national scale exceedance of the critical load for nitrogen deposition were not highly sensitive to the grid resolution of the deposition data but did show greater area exceedance with coarser grid resolution due to spatial averaging of high nitrogen deposition hot spots. Local scale deposition at individual Sites of Special Scientific Interest and high precipitation upland sites was sensitive to choice of grid resolution of deposition data. Use of high resolution data tended to generate lower deposition values in sink areas for nitrogen dry deposition (Sites of Scientific Interest) and higher values in high precipitation upland areas. In areas with generally low exceedance (Scotland) and for certain vegetation types (montane), the exceedance statistics were more sensitive to model data resolution.

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Evaluation of a CMAQ simulation at high resolution over the UK for the calendar year 2003

Cited by 55 publications

References 69 publications

Simulation of nitrogen deposition in the North China Plain by the FRAME model

Simulation of nitrogen deposition in the North China Plain by the FRAME model

Measurements and simulation of speciated PM2.5 in south-west Europe

The influence of model grid resolution on estimation of national scale nitrogen deposition and exceedance of critical loads

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