Evaluation of 3D-CEUS in the Recurrence of Liver Cancer after Radiofrequency Ablation

Bai, Lianjie; Wang, Xinping; Shi, Shenglong; Jin, Gao; Li, Xing; Wang, Ying; Jiang, Maitao; Zheng, Chunlei; Liu, Huilin

doi:10.1155/2021/3123553

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, only 5 studies reported unbiased assessment including double-blinded evaluation [13,[24][25][26]32]. Similarly, only the studies using AI for surveillance of HCC reported an appropriate followup period with loss to follow less than 5% [41][42][43][44][45]. There was only one comparative study which included a control non-cancerous group [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While 3 studies (50%) were based on CT scans [42][43][44], 2 (33%) studies [21,44] focused on Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained imaging for surveillance. 3D CEUS [41] had the highest accuracy of 96.2 percent in predicting radiofrequency ablation post-operative recurrence of HCC, while SVM (Support Vector Machine) had the second-highest accuracy of 89.9 percent [45]. Postoperative monitoring without macrovascular invasion was also predicted by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), with an AUC of 0.733 [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Intelligence Used for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

2022

URNCST Journal

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Introduction: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, compromising about 75% of all liver cancers. The advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) has paved the way in the field of liver cancers to help clinicians with early diagnosis, treatment guidance and surveillance for HCC. The aim of this review was to summarize different AI-assisted methods that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of HCC throughout the literature. Methods: PubMed and MEDLINE OVID databases were searched for primary studies involving AI and HCC published from 2012 to February 2022. Data was obtained, including study characteristics and outcome measures: accuracy, area under curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and errors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize the findings. Results: The systematic search produced 340 studies, of which 36 met the pre-determined eligibility criteria. The studies were published between 2012 to 2020. All the studies with their respective AI models/algorithms were described and summarized in the tables according to their role in the diagnosis, treatment, or surveillance of HCC. All the studies included used different AI algorithms, out of which, most were used for diagnostic purposes (44%), followed by treatment prediction (38%) and then surveillance of HCC (18%). Among studies, 38% reported their results as AUC, 33% of the studies reported accuracy, 19% reported sensitivity and specificity, 4% reported concordance indices (C-indices), 3% reported the mean errors and 2% reported AUROC values for respective AI models used. The accuracy of the diagnostic, treatment and surveillance tools range from 40% to 99%, 50% to 90% and 70% to 95% respectively. Conclusion: Many AI models are available that show promising results for the different applications in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of HCC. However, the demand for the generalization of these results remains. Future research should focus on improving the results and accuracy of these algorithms used for HCC to reduce the risks in complicated procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence Used for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

2022

URNCST Journal

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“…Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent the traditional imaging tools employed during the pre-treatment phase in order to identify and assess the target area [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ], and in surveillance of the patient to evaluate treatment efficacy and post-procedural complications [ 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Ultrasound examination (US), without or with contrast medium (CEUS), is an innovative tool, utilized for problem solving during pre- and post-treatment phases [ 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ], although the main use of interest is the possibility of assessing immediate effects during the procedure [ 60 , 61 ]. Given the ability of CEUS to detect real-time perfusion during the treatment, and considering the advantages of higher temporal resolution and the possibility of repeating an examination several times in a short period, it represents a secure and cost-effective tool for procedure outcome evaluation [ 96 ].…”

Section: Imaging and Ablation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications Risk Assessment and Imaging Findings of Thermal Ablation Treatment in Liver Cancers: What the Radiologist Should Expect

Granata

Fusco

Muzio

et al. 2022

JCM

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One of the major fields of application of ablation treatment is liver tumors. With respect to HCC, ablation treatments are considered as upfront treatments in patients with early-stage disease, while in colorectal liver metastases (CLM), they can be employed as an upfront treatment or in association with surgical resection. The main prognostic feature of ablation is the tumor size, since the goal of the treatment is the necrosis of all viable tumor tissue with an adequate tumor-free margin. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are the most employed ablation techniques. Ablation therapies in HCC and liver metastases have presented a challenge to radiologists, who need to assess response to determine complication-related treatment. Complications, defined as any unexpected variation from a procedural course, and adverse events, defined as any actual or potential injury related to the treatment, could occur either during the procedure or afterwards. To date, RFA and MWA have shown no statistically significant differences in mortality rates or major or minor complications. To reduce the rate of major complications, patient selection and risk assessment are essential. To determine the right cost-benefit ratio for the ablation method to be used, it is necessary to identify patients at high risk of infections, coagulation disorders and previous abdominal surgery interventions. Based on risk assessment, during the procedure as part of surveillance, the radiologists should pay attention to several complications, such as vascular, biliary, mechanical and infectious. Multiphase CT is an imaging tool chosen in emergency settings. The radiologist should report technical success, treatment efficacy, and complications. The complications should be assessed according to well-defined classification systems, and these complications should be categorized consistently according to severity and time of occurrence.

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Complications after Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases: Imaging Findings

et al. 2022

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Tumour ablation is a strategy of treatment of hepatic tumours in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (<3 cm) or in patients unfit for surgical resection. Moreover, tumor ablation can be used as an adjuvant therapy or may be used in association with resection in case of patients with poor functional liver disease. These types of treatment usually could be performed percutaneously under image guidance. The most clinically verified and used ablation modalities are Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). However, despite both of them are considered minimally invasive techniques, they could be related to post-procedural complications. The International Working Group on Image-Guided Tumor and the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) identified major and minor post-ablative complications. Major complications, as vascular complications, occur in 2.2% to 3.1% of cases and include all the high risk pathological conditions which could increase the level of care or result in hospital admission or substantially prolonged hospital stay (SIR classifications C–E). Minor complications, as biliary complications, occur in 5% to 8.9% and include self-limiting conditions that are considered to be of low risk for the patient’s outcome. The purpose of this review is to summarise the main pathological ultrasound (US) and Computed Tomography (CT) findings, that may arise after ablative treatment. To simplify the analysis, the pathological pictures are divided according to the site of damage into vascular, biliary and extrahepatic complications.

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Evaluation of 3D-CEUS in the Recurrence of Liver Cancer after Radiofrequency Ablation

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Artificial Intelligence Used for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence Used for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Complications Risk Assessment and Imaging Findings of Thermal Ablation Treatment in Liver Cancers: What the Radiologist Should Expect

Complications after Thermal Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastases: Imaging Findings

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