Evaluation Method to Select Pure Electric Buses Based on Road Operation Tests

Liu, Yanzhong; He, Jie; Lu, Wenhui; Yan, Xintong; Cheng, Cheng

doi:10.3390/wevj11010004

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Liu et al [34] need to reach the normal operation demands as far as possible. erefore, more authentic road tests with more comprehensive indexes are needed for the evaluation of battery electric buses.…”

Section: Khan Et Al [32]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Electric Bus Selection Based on Entropy Weight Method and Road Operation Test: Using Nanjing Bus Company as an Example

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Before putting battery electric buses into actual daily operations, the selection of buses is of great importance to the bus companies and the improvement of energy efficiency. Based on multi-dimension big data provided by the Nanjing Bus Company and by adopting the entropy weight method and road operation test, this paper presented an objective method for the selection of battery electric bus. Each of these four enterprises, BYD, Kaiwo, Yinlong, and Jiankang which were commonly seen in the Chinese market, provided two types of battery electric buses. Four different routes were selected for the road test and collected over 50 days of daily operation test data. In order to reflect all aspects of the vehicle performance, eight indexes which had been considered and designed comprehensively were classified into three categories: reliability, economy, and security. Together with the road operation data, an evaluation system based on the bus’s daily operation performance was established through the entropy weight method. Assessing results showed that battery electric bus with better performance usually had a total evaluation score over 0.69. Generally, electric buses with high scores on one route also had higher scores on all the other routes, such as brand D. But, on unimpeded routes, results may differ, for example, in route 134 W, 10-meter buses of brand B ranked first. In contrast to earlier studies, the selection result obtained by this method was more objective and intuitional, which was also consistent with the actual scenario. The selection process indicates that this method is highly practical and can be easily carried out. Therefore, we can assume that the proposed method can evaluate the actual operation state of battery electric buses and provides a new selection way.

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Section: Khan Et Al [32]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Electric Bus Selection Based on Entropy Weight Method and Road Operation Test: Using Nanjing Bus Company as an Example

2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Anttila et al [14] proposed a performance evaluation method for electric buses based on chassis dynamometer measurements. The method uses powertrain efficiency tests to provide performance testing techniques for heavy-duty electric vehicles under laboratory conditions.Based on real data, Liu et al [15] proposed an evaluation method for pure electric buses based on road operation tests. Oier et al [16] and Du et al [17] proposed electric bus performance evaluation methods from different perspectives based on Stockholm and Chinese cities, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Application Performance Index System of Pure Electric Buses Based on Extensible Cloud Model

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2022

WEVJ

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In order to help select high-quality electric buses, we established a performance index system for pure electric buses based on an extensible cloud model. With the rapid development of electric buses, choosing a suitable pure electric bus considering its applicability is challenging. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the passenger car industry, a preliminary evaluation index system for pure electric passenger cars was constructed. The preliminary indicator system was formed based on the optimization of the main points of current laws and regulations, and divided into four aspects: safety assistance system, comfort, convenience, and economy. Then, the index system was determined from multiple perspectives, and the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method were applied to determine the comprehensive weight. Meanwhile, the evaluation level of the index system of pure electric buses was calculated by the extensible cloud model. At last, six electric buses were selected from Chinese electric bus companies as examples to determine the relevant level. The results show that the method has satisfactory feasibility and applicability in the comprehensive evaluation and that it provides a reference for pure electric bus selection based on application performance.

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“…The hydrogen-powered (by fuel cell) vehicles (HFCVs) are another technological option trying to overcome BEV limitations still having zero local emissions. As fuel cells are inadequate to follow highly transient road power demands, for automotive applications, they are usually hybridized with electrochemical batteries [9][10][11][12]. Over the last decade, more than 80 hybrid transit buses using hydrogen FC and batteries have been operated on about 8 million kilometres in several European cities, demonstrating the suitability of the technology [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Battery-Free Sustainable Powertrain Solution for Hydrogen Fuel Cell City Transit Bus Application

et al. 2022

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The paper presents a sustainable electric powertrain for a transit city bus featuring an electrochemical battery-free power unit consisting of a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a kinetic energy storage system based on high-speed flywheels. A rare-earth free high-efficiency motor technology is adopted to pursue a more sustainable vehicle architecture by limiting the use of critical raw materials. A suitable dynamic energetic model of the full vehicle powertrain has been developed to investigate the feasibility of the traction system and the related energy management control strategy. The model includes losses characterisation, as a function of the load, of the main components of the powertrain by using experimental tests and literature data. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated by simulating a vehicle mission on an urban path in real traffic conditions. Considerations about the effectiveness of the traction system are discussed.

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Evaluation Method to Select Pure Electric Buses Based on Road Operation Tests

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Battery Electric Bus Selection Based on Entropy Weight Method and Road Operation Test: Using Nanjing Bus Company as an Example

Battery Electric Bus Selection Based on Entropy Weight Method and Road Operation Test: Using Nanjing Bus Company as an Example

Research on Application Performance Index System of Pure Electric Buses Based on Extensible Cloud Model

A Battery-Free Sustainable Powertrain Solution for Hydrogen Fuel Cell City Transit Bus Application

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