Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp than BMS. Recently, a new-generation ZES, the Resolute ZES (R-ZES), which has slower drug release kinetics, became available. Despite using the same platform and drug, clinical outcomes are different between E-ZES and R-ZES. In this issue of the Journal, Nishimoto et al performed coronary angioscopy (CAS) 1 year after R-ZES and E-ZES implantation and reported that E-ZES had better neointimal coverage with less yellow plaque and a lower heterogeneity score than R-ZES. 7 These findings may explain the more stable longterm clinical outcomes of lesions treated with E-ZES.
Article p 650CAS allows direct visualization of the color and superficial morphology of the plaque and thrombus, using projected white light through thin, flexible glass fibers loaded into catheters. Several studies have shown that CAS can identify atherosclerosis as a yellow color, which has been regarded as high-risk plaques correlated with future coronary events. 8 CAS has also been used to evaluate the vascular response to stent implantation. Serial CAS examinations have revealed that white neointima at the DES-implanted lesion rapidly becomes yellow. This phenomenon is pathologically confirmed as neoatherosclerosis after DES. Thrombus are frequently found at the site of yellow plaque, especially when neointimal coverage over rug-eluting stents (DES) have been widely used because they dramatically reduce the occurrence of restenosis and target lesion revascularization. However, late stent thrombosis has emerged as a major concern, because of excessive inhibition of neointimal formation and delayed arterial healing with insufficient endothelialization. 1 Therefore, prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended after DES implantation. Second-generation DES have been designed to overcome the safety issues of the 1st-generation DES by using thinner stent strut and polymers with different properties. 2 The Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent (E-ZES) is a cobalt chromium-based thin-strut stent that has a phosphorylcholine biocompatible polymer with shorter drug-eluting duration. 3 Clinical investigation has shown that the E-ZES had nearly complete neointimal coverage at 3 months. 4 Sufficient arterial repair characterized by less development of thrombus, and substantial neointima formation occurred by 4 months after E-ZES implantation. 5 Such more rapid arterial repair than with other DES may contribute to neointimal stability. The ZEUS (Zotarolimus-eluting Endeavor sprint stent in Uncertain DES candidates) trial randomized uncertain DES candidates (high bleeding risk, high thrombotic risk or low restenosis risk) to receive E-ZES or bare metal stent (BMS). 6 Despite short DAPT duration (median 32 days), E-ZES was associated with lower 1-year major adverse cardiac events
DThe opinions expressed in this article are not necessarily those of the editors or of the Japanese Circulation Society.