Evaluation<i>of Absorption</i>Sampling<i>Devices</i>

Roberts, Louis R.; McKee, Herbert C.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1959.10467873

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Samples were collected on 21 November from the upper field and on 22 November from the lower field. The group from INGV-Palermo used Drechsel bottles containing ~100 ml of alkaline solution (1 M NaOH) and a pump to pull the volcanic gas-atmospheric mixture through the solution at a 1 L/min flow rate (e.g., Roberts and McKee, 1959;Liotta et al, 2012;Rizzo et al, 2013;Wittmer et al, 2014). This method enabled quantification of S t and HCl.…”

Section: In Situ Plume Sampling (Multigas and Alkaline Trap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal system and volatile budget of Lastarria volcano, Chile: Integrated results from the 2014 IAVCEI CCVG 12th Volcanic Gas Workshop

et al. 2018

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Recent geophysical evidence for large-scale regional crustal inflation and localized crustal magma intrusion has made Lastarria volcano (northern Chile) the target of numerous geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies. The chemical composition of volcanic gases sampled during discrete campaigns from Lastarria volcano indicated a well-developed hydrothermal system from direct fumarole samples in A.D. 2006, 2008, and 2009, and shallow magma degassing using measurements from in situ plume sampling techniques in 2012. It is unclear if the differences in measured gas compositions and resulting interpretations were due to artifacts of the different sampling methods employed, short-term excursions from baseline due to localized changes in stress, or a systematic change in Lastarria's magmatic-hydrothermal system between 2009 and 2012. Integrated results from a two-day volcanic gas sampling and measurement campaign during the 2014 International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on the Chemistry of Volcanic Gases (CCVG) 12 th Gas Workshop are used here to compare and evaluate current gas sampling and measurement techniques, refine the existing subsurface models for Lastarria volcano, and provide new constraints on its magmatic-hydrothermal system and total degassing budget. While compositional differences among sampling methods are present, distinct compositional changes are observed, which if representative of longterm trends, indicate a change in Lastarria's overall magmatic-hydrothermal system. The composition of volcanic gases measured in 2014 contained high proportions of relatively magma-and water-soluble gases consistent with degassing of shallow magma, and in agreement with the 2012 gas composition. When compared with gas compositions measured in 2006-2009, higher relative H 2 O/CO 2 ratios combined with lower relative CO 2 /S t and H 2 O/S t and stable HCl/St ratios (where S t is total S [SO 2 + H 2 S]) are observed in 2012 and 2014. These compositional changes suggest variations in the magmatichydrothermal system between 2009 and 2012, with possible scenarios to explain these trends including: (1) decompression-induced degassing due to magma ascent within the shallow crust; (2) crystallization-induced degassing of a stalled magma body; (3) depletion of the hydrothermal system GEOSPHERE

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Section: In Situ Plume Sampling (Multigas and Alkaline Trap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal system and volatile budget of Lastarria volcano, Chile: Integrated results from the 2014 IAVCEI CCVG 12th Volcanic Gas Workshop

et al. 2018

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“…DBs and comparable types of washing bottles have a long history in atmospheric science [e.g., Roberts and Mckee, 1959;Gage, 1960] but are less common for volcanic gas sampling due to the fragileness of the components and the intricate setup for such an environment. Recently Liotta et al [2012] and Rizzo et al [2013] successfully used a DB to trap volcanogenic gases from the plume of Mt.…”

Section: Drechsel Bottlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active in situ sampling techniques for plume gases are usually based on open system samplers where a pump allows a large volume of volcanic gas to pass through a medium (e.g., filter, impregnated filter, alkaline, neutral, acidic solutions or combination of them in a row), which is able to trap volcanogenic compounds for later analysis [e.g., Roberts and Mckee , ; Finnegan et al ., ; Aiuppa , ; Liotta et al ., ]. Each of the sampling techniques has individual strengths and weaknesses come along that influences the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining in situ sampling with remote sensing measurements helps to observe the evolving chemistry by the mixing of volcanic and atmospheric gases and particles [Oppenheimer et al, 2006]. alkaline, neutral, acidic solutions or combination of them in a row), which is able to trap volcanogenic compounds for later analysis [e.g., Roberts and Mckee, 1959;Finnegan et al, 1989;Aiuppa, 2009;Liotta et al, 2012]. Each of the sampling techniques has individual strengths and weaknesses come along that influences the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active alkaline traps to determine acidic‐gas ratios in volcanic plumes: Sampling techniques and analytical methods

Wittmer

Bobrowski

Liotta

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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In situ measurements have been the basis for monitoring volcanic gas emissions for many years and-being complemented by remote sensing techniques-still play an important role to date. Concerning in situ techniques for sampling a dilute plume, an increase in accuracy and a reduction of detection limits are still necessary for most gases (e.g., CO 2 , SO 2 , HCl, HF, HBr, HI). In this work, the Raschig-Tube technique (RT) is modified and utilized for application on volcanic plumes. The theoretical and experimental absorption properties of the RT and the Drechsel bottle (DB) setups are characterized and both are applied simultaneously to the well-established Filter packs technique (FP) in the field (on Stromboli Island and Mount Etna). The comparison points out that FPs are the most practical to apply but the results are errorprone compared to RT and DB, whereas the RT results in up to 13 times higher analyte concentrations than the DB in the same sampling time. An optimization of the analytical procedure, including sample pretreatment and analysis by titration, Ion Chromatography, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, led to a comprehensive data set covering a wide range of compounds. In particular, less abundant species were quantified more accurately and iodine was detected for the first time in Stromboli's plume. Simultaneously applying Multiaxis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) the chemical transformation of emitted bromide into bromine monoxide (BrO) from Stromboli and Etna was determined to 3-6% and 7%, respectively, within less than 5 min after the gas release from the active vents.

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“…The most widely used techniques for air sampling include collection on packed columns which adsorb the pesticides (Hornstein and Sullivan, 1953; Mattson, Sedlak, et al, 1960;Simpson and Beck, 1965) passing the air through scrubbers fitted with fritted disks or gas dispersion tubes that break up the air stream to promote absorption of the pesticide by a liquid phase (Abbott, Harrison, et al, 1966;Caplan, Culver, et al, 1956;Culver, Caplan, et al, 1955;Hirt and Gisclard, 1951;Jegier, 1964a and b;Kay, Monkman, et al, 1952); collection in freeze-out traps filled with glass helices and maintained at low temperatures (Shell Development Co., 1959); drawing large volumes of air through glass-fiber filters (Tabor, 1966) or cellulose filter pads (Batchelor and Walker, 1954; Durham and Wolfe, 1962;Jegier, 1964a and b; Simpson and Beck, 1965;Wolfe, Armstrong, et al, 1966;Wolfe, Durham, et al, 1967); or trapping in midget or Greenburg-Smith type impingers (Adams, Jackson, et al, 1964;Batchelor and Walker, 1954;Caplan, Culver, et al, 1956;Culver, Caplan, et al, 1956;Durham and Wolfe, 1962;Hirt and Gisclard, 1951;Kay, Monkman, et al, 1952;Roberts and McKee, 1959;Simpson and Beck, 1965;U.S. Public Health Service, 1961;Wolfe, Durham, et al, 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%